普通190型柴油机升级成2000型再制造机

通过对普通190型柴油机机油泵、增压器、中冷器、气缸盖上下罩壳、观察孔盖板、安全防护装置、水箱散热器、风扇及其传动装置等部件进行改造和升级,升级成2000型柴油机后其整机的动力性、安全性、稳定性、经济性均得到了很大的提升,排放降低,维护保养更加便捷,满足用户使用需求的同时节约了成本。     

Maximization of the annual energy production of wind power plants by optimization of layout and yaw‐based wake control

This paper presents a wind plant modeling and optimization tool that enables the maximization of wind plant annual energy production (AEP) using yaw‐based wake steering control and layout changes. The tool is an extension of a wake engineering model describing the steady‐state effects of yaw on wake velocity profiles and power productions of wind turbines in a wind plant. To make predictions of a wind plant's AEP, necessary extensions of the original wake model include coupling it with a detailed rotor model and a control policy for turbine blade pitch and rotor speed. This enables the prediction of power production with wake effects throughout a range of wind speeds. We use the tool to perform an example optimization study on a wind plant based on the Princess Amalia Wind Park. In this case study, combined optimization of layout and wake steering control increases AEP by 5%. The power gains from wake steering control are highest for region 1.5 inflow wind speeds, and they continue to be present to some extent for the above‐rated inflow wind speeds. The results show that layout optimization and wake steering are complementary because significant AEP improvements can be achieved with wake steering in a wind plant layout that is already optimized to reduce wake losses. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Analysis of the double-layer α-Si:H emitter with different doping concentrations for α-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells

Double-layer emitters with different doping concentrations (DLE) have been designed and prepared for amorphous silicon/crystalline silicon (α-Si:H/c-Si) heterojunction solar cells. Compared with the traditional single layer emitter, both the experiment and the simulation (AFORS-HET, http://www.paper.edu.cn/html/releasepaper/2014/04/282/) prove that the double-layer emitter increases the short circuit current of the cells significantly. Based on the quantum efficiency (QE) results and the current-voltage-temperature analysis, the mechanism for the experimental results above has been investigated. The possible reasons for the increased current include the enhancement of the QE in the short wavelength range, the increase of the tunneling probability of the current transport and the decrease of the activation energy of the emitter layers.     

Bivariate tolerance design for lock wheels by considering quality loss

In the design of tolerance allocation the cost–tolerance function is usually employed to represent the objective function which is to be minimized. The traditional cost–tolerance functions in the literature are concerned with only one characteristic. In this paper we obtain a bivariate cost–tolerance function to describe the relationship between the cost and tolerances of two characteristics (i.e. the thickness and inner diameter) of a lock wheel. Then the bivariate loss function is combined with the bivariate cost–tolerance function to determine the optimal tolerances for the thickness and inner diameter of a lock wheel such that the user's potential loss/cost may be evaluated. When the quality loss is considered, the tolerances of both characteristics become tighter. By including the effect of product degradation, the present work of expected bivariate quality loss is then introduced as a quality performance measure. By assuming linear drifts on both the thickness and inner diameter of the lock wheels, the model with the present worth of quality loss leads to tighter tolerances of both characteristics. In addition, a longer planning horizon (or a longer useful life of the product) leads to tighter tolerances and a larger user's discount rate results in looser tolerances for both characteristics. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于弹塑性限位装置的基础隔震建筑地震碰撞行为

在近场速度脉冲型地震作用下,基础隔震建筑可能产生过大的支座变形,为了防止结构和隔震沟边缘产生刚性碰撞并对上部结构造成损伤,建议在隔震层高度用弹塑性限位装置来防止结构产生过大位移并实现一定程度的消能减震。提出了一组动力学方程,将建筑结构模型和Bouc-Wen单元串联,可以考虑隔震间隙的非线性动力响应。考虑了速度脉冲周期对结构响应的放大作用,根据弹塑性动力碰撞分析方程,以3组不同高度的钢框架结构基准模型为算例,计算了限位装置的弹性刚度和屈服力等因素对不同结构的弹塑性响应。结果表明：恰当选取用于碰撞限位的弹塑性限位装置的碰撞刚度与屈服力,既能有效限制隔震层的水平位移,上部结构也不会产生过大的反向动力响应,能够充分保护结构;在较易激发类共振效应的速度脉冲型地震动作用下,上部结构最大响应同弹塑性限位装置的弹性刚度与屈服力呈正相关性。     

Monocular 3D object detection for construction scene analysis

Three-dimensional (3D) object detection, that is, localizing and classifying all critical objects in a 3D space, is essential for downstream construction scene analysis tasks. However, accurate instance segmentation, few 2D object segmentation and 3D object detection data sets, high-quality feature representations for depth estimation, and limited 3D cues from a single red-green-blue (RGB) image pose significant challenges to 3D object detection and severely hinder its practical applications. In response to these challenges, an improved cascade-based network with a transformer backbone and a boundary-patch-refinement method is proposed to build hierarchical features and refine object boundaries, resulting in better results in 2D object detection and instance segmentation. Furthermore, a novel self-supervised monocular depth learning method is proposed to extract better feature representations for depth estimation from construction site video data with unknown camera parameters. Additionally, a pseudo-LiDAR point cloud method and a 3D object detection method with a density-based clustering algorithm are proposed to detect 3D objects in a construction scene without help from 3D labels, which will serve as a good foundation for other downstream 3D tasks. Finally, the proposed model is evaluated for object instance segmentation and depth estimation on the moving objects in construction sites (MOCS) and construction scene data sets. It brings a 9.16% gain in terms of mean average precision (mAP) for object detection and a 4.92% gain in mask mAP for object instance segmentation. The average order accuracy and relative mean error for depth estimation are improved by 0.94% and 60.56%, respectively. This study aims to overcome the challenges and limitations of 3D object detection and facilitate practical applications in construction scene analysis.     

激光扫描角度对碳纤维复合材料的热影响研究分析

为研究激光扫描角度对碳纤维复合材料的热影响作用和扫描角度对激光能量在材料内部传递过程的影响,以常用的纤维铺设角度即0°、45°和90°作为激光扫描角度,进行了有限元模拟和试验验证。结果表明,随扫描角度的增大,激光对材料的热影响范围逐渐增大;当扫描角度为45°时,切缝两侧纤维碳化较为严重。通过激光切割试验验证,发现模拟与试验存在误差为746,模拟与试验所呈现出扫描角度对材料的热影响趋势,以及扫描角度对纤维造成碳化的结果特征具有一致性。为降低激光切割对材料的热影响,减小材料的碳化区域,改善材料的激光切割质量,除选用合适的激光参量外,应尽可能的使激光扫描角度与纤维轴向一致。