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961.
土体中毛细水压力的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
该文从毛细水产生负孔隙水压力概念入手 ,对较难确定的孔隙水压力系数以及较抽象的地下连续墙时效稳定分析等问题进行了定量计算 ,以期对工程实践有一定的指导作用 相似文献
962.
文本索引词项相对权重计算方法与应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
文本索引词权重计算方法决定了文本分类的准确率。该文提出一种文本索引词项相对权重计算方法,即文本索引词项权重根据索引词项在该文本中的出现频率与在整个文本空间出现的平均频率之间的相对值进行计算。该方法能有效地提高索引词对文本内容识别的准确性。 相似文献
963.
硫含量对钴钼型耐硫脱氧剂的脱氧活性影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究了工艺气中硫含量对钴钼型耐硫脱氧剂脱氧活性的影响。通过常压微反 -色谱装置测定脱氧剂的本征脱氧活性 ,加压原粒度反应器测定脱氧剂的表观脱氧活性 ,结合实际经验确定了耐硫脱氧剂所需的最低硫含量。还讨论了温度、压力、空速对耐硫脱氧剂脱氧活性的影响。结果表明 ,耐硫脱氧剂完全能满足耐硫变换工艺的要求 ,而且有耐硫变换的作用 ,并对耐硫变换催化剂起到保护作用 相似文献
964.
Johan F. Hoorn 《Cognition, Technology & Work》2008,10(4):249-249
965.
Norman Fenton Martin Neil William Marsh Peter Hearty Łukasz Radliński Paul Krause 《Empirical Software Engineering》2008,13(5):499-537
Standard practice in building models in software engineering normally involves three steps: collecting domain knowledge (previous
results, expert knowledge); building a skeleton of the model based on step 1 including as yet unknown parameters; estimating
the model parameters using historical data. Our experience shows that it is extremely difficult to obtain reliable data of
the required granularity, or of the required volume with which we could later generalize our conclusions. Therefore, in searching
for a method for building a model we cannot consider methods requiring large volumes of data. This paper discusses an experiment
to develop a causal model (Bayesian net) for predicting the number of residual defects that are likely to be found during
independent testing or operational usage. The approach supports (1) and (2), does not require (3), yet still makes accurate
defect predictions (an R
2 of 0.93 between predicted and actual defects). Since our method does not require detailed domain knowledge it can be applied
very early in the process life cycle. The model incorporates a set of quantitative and qualitative factors describing a project
and its development process, which are inputs to the model. The model variables, as well as the relationships between them,
were identified as part of a major collaborative project. A dataset, elicited from 31 completed software projects in the consumer
electronics industry, was gathered using a questionnaire distributed to managers of recent projects. We used this dataset
to validate the model by analyzing several popular evaluation measures (R
2, measures based on the relative error and Pred). The validation results also confirm the need for using the qualitative factors
in the model. The dataset may be of interest to other researchers evaluating models with similar aims. Based on some typical
scenarios we demonstrate how the model can be used for better decision support in operational environments. We also performed
sensitivity analysis in which we identified the most influential variables on the number of residual defects. This showed
that the project size, scale of distributed communication and the project complexity cause the most of variation in number
of defects in our model. We make both the dataset and causal model available for research use. 相似文献
966.
Design of active vehicle suspension has tradeoffs between three main performance metrics (passenger comfort, suspension deflection
and road holding ability). It has been known that each performance can be achieved by H
∞ controller and they can be gathered by LPV (Linear Parameter Varying) method. However, because the suspension deflection
limit was not explicitly considered, this limit may be exceeded. In this paper, the authors propose a “reference shaping“
based method in order to improve the control performance. In this approach, a “virtual reference” signal is imposed to the
system such that the suspension deflection is kept small. The effectiveness of the approach is examined by numerical simulations.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献
967.
The ears of lizards are highly directional. The directionality is generated by strong acoustical coupling of the eardrums.
A simple lumped-parameter model of the ear followed by binaural comparisons has been shown to perform successful phonotaxis
in robot implementations. However, such a model will produce localization errors in the form of response bias if the ears
are asymmetrical. We have evaluated how large errors are generated by asymmetry using simulations of the ear model in Mathematica
5.2. The study shows that the effect of asymmetry is minimal around the most directional frequency of the ear, but that biases
reduce the useful bandwidth of localization.
This work was presented in part at the First European Workshop on Artificial Life and Robotics, Vienna, Austria, July 12–13,
2007 相似文献
968.
To unlock the full potential of evolution in digital media, a Tierra-like system using network-type assembly-like language
has been constructed. In the system, like Avida, digital creatures, self-replicating programs, live in a discrete 2D torus
space and an interaction between creatures is restricted locally. Bearing a genetic network in mind, network structure is
introduced. In the previous works, it is shown that the possibility that the network-type model has more potential of evolution
than a linear-type model like Avida in a simple environment. In this paper, to study the potential of evolution more precisely,
we model the effects of environment other than creatures. As one of the simplest models of such environment, the cost of execution,
i.e. executing time, is introduced. The difficult environment to live in costs high to execute instructions, the easy environment
does low. In computer experiments, we have investigated the influence of change in environment by analyzing the process of
evolution and diversity of the system. Experimental results show that the network-type system keeps more stable diversity
than the linear-type system does, even when the environment changes drastically. This indicates the possibility that the network-type
system has more potential of evolution than the linear-type system has.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献
969.
We constructed a probabilistic simulator that allows all the events in population dynamics such as death, birth, mutation,
and suppression/stimulation to be described by probabilistic rules. The simulator also facilitates a lattice used for expressing
distribution and diversity (number of distinct strains) of quasispecies. The simulator is used to investigate the diversity
threshold in HIV and T-cell interaction.
This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January
31–February 2, 2008 相似文献
970.
Because of the widespread increasing application of Web services and autonomic computing, self-adaptive software is an area gaining increasing importance. Control theory provides a theoretical foundation for self-adaptive software. In this paper, we propose the use of the supervisory control theory of discrete event dynamic systems (DEDS) to provide a rigorous foundation for designing software for reactive systems. This paper focuses in particular on design of software with an attractivity requirement. It studies this problem using the polynomial dynamic system (PDS) model of DEDS. A necessary and sufficient condition for software existence and two algorithms for such software design are presented. 相似文献