Accuracy of asthma treatment in schoolchildren in NSW, Australia

Insufficient use of anti-inflammatory drugs, such as inhaled corticosteroids and cromoglycate, may contribute to the disease burden associated with asthma. Conversely, aggressive treatment of mild disease may result in avoidable costs and/or adverse drug effects. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between asthma severity and inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate use in a large (n=4,909) random sample of children, aged 8-11 yrs, in NSW, Australia. Asthma and its treatment were assessed by questionnaire responses. Asthma, defined as diagnosis plus current wheeze, was present in 901 children (18% of the sample), of whom 225 (5%) had moderate asthma, defined as asthma plus additional symptoms (sleep disturbance), utilization (hospital, casualty), or disability (reduced activity, school absence). Use of inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate was reported by 636 children (13% of the sample). Determinants of use included: asthma diagnosis, current wheeze, and troublesome dry nocturnal cough. There was also a strong relationship between anti-inflammatory treatment and a multicomponent asthma severity score constructed for each child. Inhaled corticosteroids and/or cromoglycate were used by 56% of the children with asthma (24% daily) and by 76% of children with moderate asthma (42% daily). Undertreatment, defined as less than daily inhaled corticosteroids/cromoglycate in moderate asthma, was identified in 130 children (14% of those with asthma or 3% of the sample). Conversely, apparently aggressive treatment, defined as inhaled corticosteroid/cromoglycate use in children with persistent minimal symptoms (asthma severity score of less than 3) was identified in 101 children (2% of the sample). Although there were significant differences between regions in the choice of anti-inflammatory drugs and in the prevalence both of undertreatment and apparently aggressive treatment, there was no clear relationship to regional utilization of emergency and hospital services for asthma. Nevertheless, the frequency of undertreatment suggests an opportunity to reduce asthma morbidity by more consistent application of current therapeutic guidelines.     

乙烯装置制冷系统的用能分析

通过对制冷压缩机功耗的模拟和对实际运行数据的分析,比较了乙烯装置中的复迭多级制冷系统和混合冷剂制冷系统的用能状况,分析了混合冷剂制冷的优点和不足。采用AspenPlus10.2软件模拟的结果表明,采用混合冷剂制冷技术的丙烯-混合冷剂复迭制冷系统比传统的丙烯-乙烯复迭制冷系统节省功耗4.3GJ/h,制冷压缩机损系数则从47.6%减小到43.3%,而系统效率由25.0%提高到26.6%。虽混合冷剂在换热过程中出现的气液两相流,会在一定程度上抵消其在热力学效率上的优势,但混合制冷技术用于乙烯装置仍可降低能耗、提高热力学效率。     

基于模型修正技术的模拟集成电路几何规划优化方法

为了兼顾模拟集成电路设计优化的求解精度和计算效率,提出一种基于正项式模型修正技术的几何规划优化方法.首先将模拟集成电路的设计目标与约束简化为正项式模型,然后在采用几何规划方法迭代优化的过程中利用晶体管级SPICE仿真不断修正这一正项式模型.实例表明,与传统基于公式的优化方法和基于仿真的优化方法相比,该方法能够在尽量保证计算效率和全局最优解的前提下使优化精度满足晶体管级SPICE仿真的要求.     

改进的门单元多输入跳变电流源模型

电压信号的非线性问题和多输入跳变现象给时序分析带来了严重挑战.为更好地解决此问题,文中设计电路对门单元输入端和内部节点间的密勒电容进行了验证,从器件结构上分析了其来源,并通过引入该电容改进了已有多输入跳变电流源模型,以获得更高的模型精度;同时将二输入门单元模型扩展到多输入门单元,并详述了建模方法.多种门单元上的数值实验结果表明,与已有模型相比,在可接受的时间开销内,文中模型能够显著地提高门单元时延和输出波形的仿真精度.     

“三位一体”数字校园的设计与实现

介绍了集＂日常管理＂、＂水平评估＂、＂决策规划＂三位于一体的数字校园设计方案。通过规范基础数据,采用ESB整合各业务子系统,解决＂信息孤岛＂问题,并为状态数据采集提供便利。利用BI软件进行数据挖据,为管理者进行科学规划和决策提供数据支持。系统采用单点登录,个性化的门户展现满足了各类用户对资源和服务的需求。     

Research on the Effects of Institutional Liquidation Strategies on the Market Based on Multi-agent Model

Based on the multi-agent model, an artificial stock market with four types of traders is constructed. On this basis, this paper focuses on comparing the effects of liquidation behavior on market liquidity, volatility, price discovery efficiency and long memory of absolute returns when the institutional trader adopts equal-order strategy, Volume Weighted Average Price (VWAP) strategy and Implementation Shortfall (IS) strategy respectively. The results show the following: (1) the artificial stock market based on multi-agent model can reproduce the stylized facts of real stock market well; (2) among these three algorithmic trading strategies, IS strategy causes the longest liquidation time and the lowest liquidation cost; (3) the liquidation behavior of institutional trader will significantly reduce market liquidity, price discovery efficiency and long memory of absolute returns, and increase market volatility; (4) in comparison, IS strategy has the least impact on market liquidity, volatility and price discovery efficiency, while VWAP strategy has the least impact on long memory of absolute returns.

     

从面向过程到面向对象的变革

面向过程方法的弊端引发了20世纪60年代的"软件危机",面向对象方法的出现为软件开发开辟了新的出路。从分析"软件危机"的起因着手,阐述了面向过程方法的弊端,介绍了面向对象方法的特点,并总结了面向对象方法优越性和局限性。     

一起110kV电容式电压互感器二次零序电压异常波动故障分析

本文针对一起110kV电容式电压互感器二次零序电压异常波动故障进行分析,通过查看现场故障录波波形、检查二次电压回路、电压互感器本体状况,最终查明故障原因是电压互感器末端N端子与开口三角绕组(二次零序电压回路)之间绝缘击穿,电压互感器一次侧产生的放电电流在开口三角绕组中流通,从而引起二次零序电压异常波动.最后,针对本起事件所暴露出的问题,提出关于二次设备日常巡视工作的思考及建议.     

基于新型改进谐振控制器的APF无谐波电流提取控制策略

为了消除传统谐波电流提取环节对APF动稳态性能的影响,本文提出一种dq坐标系下基波电流与谐波电流分环解耦的新型控制结构.通过分环解耦,基波电流控制环只跟踪控制直流量,以实现直流侧电压稳定.谐波电流控制环利用改进谐振控制的选频特性,将负载电流直接送入谐波电流环,无需进行谐波分量提取,从而消除谐波提取环节带来的指令信号误差和延时.为提高系统相位裕度,本文提出一种新型改进谐振控制器,在余弦内模谐振控制器基础上引入一个实轴右半侧的零点,并在离散域下展开频率特性对比和参数影响分析.最后,通过实验验证了所提方法的有效性.     

多小区多播无线携能通信鲁棒信干噪比平衡

针对非理想信道多小区多播协作网络中的供能问题,提出了一种鲁棒的无线携能通信优化方案,该方案以最差用户信干噪比最大化为目标、以每用户能量采集和每小区功率为约束,在保证用户能量采集约束和系统功率预算的前提下实现最差用户服务质量最优化.为了求解优化问题,采用半定松弛和S-引理将原始问题转化为拟凸优化问题,进而采用二分迭代算法得到问题的最优解.仿真结果表明,所提系统设计正确,迭代算法收敛特性良好.