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11.
BACKGROUND: We have previously observed a potentiation of the metabolic response to cachectin/tumor necrosis factor (TNF) by total parenteral nutrition (TPN) but not in anorexic orally fed animals. We hypothesized that nutritional status might affect TNF clearance kinetics. METHODS: We compared the clearance of a bolus of labeled TNF in TPN-fed animals given sufficient nutrients to grow called weight-gaining rats (WGR) with those given 50% of the WGR called weight-losing rats (WLR) and with orally fed rats (OFR). Data were analyzed using a two-compartment open system model and by linear systems analysis. RESULTS: The data from both types of analysis indicator that although metabolic clearance was similar, WGR had a slower fractional TNF clearance rate (FCR) as well as a larger volume of distribution than WLR or OFR. Further analysis showed that an increased proportion of the total mass of TNF resided in a plasma-associated compartment in WGR compared with WLR and OFR. In addition, WGR had reduced uptake of labeled TNF by the kidney. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that nutrition support influences either the distribution of TNF or the FCR, resulting in a greater retention in the plasma-associated compartment with intact absolute removal rates. This study has important implications concerning the type of nutrition support provided to the critically ill patient because our data suggest that clinical states with increased circulating TNF levels may be adversely affected by currently available nutritional practices. 相似文献
12.
Overcoming contextual limitations on problem-solving transfer. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Five experiments investigated transfer from multiple analogs to a superficially dissimilar target problem. When subjects explicitly compared the analogs and then immediately attempted to solve the target problem in the context of a single experiment, transfer was obtained with significant frequency even without a hint that the analogs and target were related. Prehint transfer was sharply reduced or eliminated when the source analogs and the target were presented in different contexts, even when the transfer test was immediate. However, prehint transfer was enhanced, even after a context shift and a week-long delay between reading the source analogs and solving the problem, when the following conditions were met: The target problem was reworded slightly to emphasize a structural feature that it shared with the analogs; three rather than two source analogs were provided; and detailed, schema-oriented questions were used to help subjects focus on the problem-relevant aspects of the stories. Although spontaneous transfer between small numbers of dissimilar analogs is difficult to obtain, it can be achieved by manipulations that foster abstraction of a problem schema from the training examples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
13.
Thompson Robert J.; Gil Karen M.; Keith Barbara R.; Gustafson Kathryn E.; George Linda K.; Kinney Thomas R. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,62(4):856
Rates of poor psychological adjustment of children with sickle cell disease remained relatively constant over initial and follow-up assessment points. 50 children (aged 7–12 yrs) and their mothers completed the initial protocol. 30 children completed the follow-up plus 5 additional children and their mothers. These Ss were aged 7–24 yrs at follow-up. With initial levels of adjustment controlled, children's strategies for coping with pain accounted for a significant increment in child-reported symptoms and mother-reported internalizing behavior problems at follow-up beyond the contribution of illness and demographic parameters and follow-up interval. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
14.
Emerson Judith; Bertoch Michael R.; Checketts Keith T. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,31(1):109
Explored the construct validity of transactional analysis (TA) ego state concepts. Ego states are defined as coherent systems of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. 65 university students seeking therapy and 95 university students not receiving therapy completed the Adjective Checklist (ACL) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Ego state scores from the ACL correlated with BSI psychological distress in predicted directions. Four of the 5 TA ego state scores differentiated Ss seeking therapy from Ss not seeking therapy. Furthermore, ego state scores changed over the course of therapy, indicating a reduction of distress. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
15.
Keith Kenney 《The Journal of communication》1994,44(1):100-105
16.
Wide variability exists with respect to how breast cancer survivors respond to common psychological and psychosocial challenges of their disease, ranging from posttraumatic stress disorder to posttraumatic growth. This cross-sectional study examined contextual, disease-related, and intraindividual predictors of posttraumatic growth in 224 randomly selected breast cancer survivors. A series of hierarchical regression analyses found that age at diagnosis, marital status, employment, education, perceived intensity of disease, and active coping accounted for 34%, 35%, and 28% of the variance in growth in relationships with others, new possibilities, and appreciation for life. These findings suggest that a more comprehensive model of growth will be helpful in understanding the various factors that play a role in breast cancer survivors' perception of psychological and psychosocial growth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
17.
Barrett Lisa Feldman; Quigley Karen S.; Bliss-Moreau Eliza; Aronson Keith R. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,87(5):684
People differ in the extent to which they emphasize feelings of activation or deactivation in their verbal reports of experienced emotion, termed arousal focus (AF). Two multimethod studies indicate that AF is linked to heightened interoceptive sensitivity (as measured by performance on a heartbeat detection task). People who were more sensitive to their heartbeats emphasized feelings of activation and deactivation when reporting their experiences of emotion over time more than did those who were less sensitive. This relationship was not accounted for by several other variables, including simple language effects. Implications for the role of interoception in experienced emotion and the validity of self-reported emotion are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
18.
Rosenfarb Irwin S.; Goldstein Michael J.; Mintz Jim; Nuechterlein Keith H. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,104(2):259
The authors examined whether young, recently discharged schizophrenic patients from high (n?=?34) and low (n?=?14) expressed emotion (EE) families differ in their level of subclinical symptomatology during a direct interaction task. Compared with patients from low-EE homes, patients from high-EE homes showed significantly more odd and disruptive behavior with family members. High-EE relatives were more likely than low-EE relatives to respond with criticism to the first unusual thought verbalized by the patient; when this occurred, the probability of a second unusual thought was augmented. Results suggest that high-EE family members may display negative attitudes toward patients in part because they are exposed to higher levels of unusual or disruptive behavior than low-EE relatives. The data also support a bidirectional, transactional model of the relationship between relatives' EE and patient psychopathology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
19.
A nonlinear stress-strain relationship of soil reinforced with flexible geofibers under static loading is derived based on a nonlinear elastic stress-strain relationship of soil and a linear elastic stress-strain relationship of geofibers in the paper. This investigation includes the following aspects: First, the homogenization technique is introduced to find the volume average stress tensor and volume average strain tensor and further an elastic incremental stress-strain relation is introduced to describe deviatoric shear stress-axial strain relationship of equivalent homogeneous geofiber-reinforced soil. Second, the relation of geofiber numbers, content, mechanical behavior, distribution, and geometrical features to shear modulus of geofiber-reinforced soil is expressed and assessed by employing an elastic energy method. Third, the deviatoric shear stress and axial strain curves of geofiber-reinforced soil are calibrated by laboratory testing data of geofiber reinforced soil samples. Finally, the theoretical computational curves of geofiber reinforced soil are compared with the curves calibrated by testing data of geofiber reinforced soil. The model prediction has a good agreement with experimental results. 相似文献
20.
Herman Keith C.; Ostrander Rick; Walkup John T.; Silva Susan G.; March John S. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2007,75(5):716
A latent profile analysis was conducted on the co-occurring symptoms of 423 adolescents diagnosed with major depressive disorder as part of the Treatment for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS), a multisite, randomized treatment trial. The participants had a mean (SD) age of 14.6 (1.5) years; of the sample, 45.6% was male and 73.8% was white. Scores on the primary subscales of Conners' Parent Rating Scale-Revised were used as indicators in the analysis. Five classes of symptoms best described the clinical presentation of adolescents enrolled in the TADS. Of the adolescents in the sample, 80% were assigned to classes with clinically significant elevations on 1 or more subscales of the Children's Depression Rating Scale-Revised. The 5 classes met empirical criteria for distinctiveness and were validated against clinical diagnoses, child-rated symptoms, and clinician-rated functional impairment. The findings are consistent with prior studies that showed a high rate of co-occurring symptoms among depressed adolescents. The discussion focuses on understanding subtypes and comorbidity in adolescent depression as well as the implications for treatment and for prevention. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献