An ant direction hybrid differential evolution heuristic for the large-scale passive harmonic filters planning problem

This article presents a heuristic which combines the orthogonal array experiment technique and an ant direction hybrid differential evolution algorithm (ADHDEOA) for planning of a large-scale passive harmonic filters problem. The addressed problem has a multi-bus and under abundant harmonic current sources in the system. In this study, an orthogonal array is first conducted to obtain the initial solution. Next, an ant direction hybrid differential evolution (ADHDE) is applied to search for a near optimum solution. The objective is to minimize the cost of the filter, the total demand distortion of harmonic currents and the total harmonic distortion of voltages at each bus simultaneously. In order to determine a set of weights of each term in the objective function, the simplest and most efficient form of triangular membership functions has been considered. The designed heuristic ADHDEOA is applied to a practical harmonic problem in a steel plant, and three design schemes are compared to demonstrate the performance of the ADHDEOA.     

The development of a sub-population genetic algorithm II (SPGA II) for multi-objective combinatorial problems

Previous research has shown that sub-population genetic algorithm is effective in solving the multi-objective combinatorial problems. Based on these pioneering efforts, this paper extends the SPGA algorithm with a global Pareto archive technique and a two-stage approach to solve the multi-objective problems. In the first stage, the areas next to the two single objectives are searched and solutions explored around these two extreme areas are reserved in the global archive for later evolutions. Then, in the second stage, larger searching areas except the middle area are further extended to explore the solution space in finding the near-optimal frontiers. Through extensive experimental results, SPGA II does outperform SPGA, NSGA II, and SPEA 2 in the parallel scheduling problems and knapsack problems; it shows that the approach improves the sub-population genetic algorithm significantly. It may be of interests for researchers in solving multi-objective combinatorial problems.     

Substrate-mode holographic polarization-division multi/demultiplexer for optical communications

Based on the diffractive properties of a transmission-type phase volume hologram, a new type of polarization-division multi/demultiplexer for optical communications is presented.     

Raman-amplification and polarization-dependence measurement in a methane Raman shifter seeded by a liquid Raman oscillator

We perform Raman amplification in a high-pressure methane cell seeded by a low-threshold liquid Raman oscillator. The Raman frequency of the oscillator medium, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), is tuned when it is mixed with water to fit the Raman frequency of methane. The Raman gain in this configuration is not so sensitive to the methane pressure, and the conversion efficiency is high. Using this configuration, we measure the polarization dependence of the Raman amplifier. An experiment is performed for three typical polarization states. Complete gain suppression is expected in some polarization states, but there is a little gain because of the incompleteness of the polarization state. Theoretically the results are analyzed when the x and the y components of the scattered waves are coupled.     

Diffractive-phase-element design that implements several optical functions

A scheme for the design of diffractive phase elements (DPE's) that integrates several optical functions is presented in a consistent sense based on the general theory of amplitude-phase retrieval and the Yang-Gu algorithm [Appl. Opt. 33, 209 (1994)]. We extend the original Yang-Gu algorithm to treat a system illuminated by a beam of incident light whose components are at different wavelengths, and a set of equations for determining the phase distribution of the DPE is derived. The profile of a surface-relief DPE can be designed with an iterative algorithm. Numerical simulations are carried out for the design of one-dimensional DPE's capable of both demultiplexing different wavelength components and focusing each partial wave at predetermined positions. The influence of the extension of sampling points in the DPE's from ideal geometric points to physical spots on design results is also investigated. The numerical simulation results show that the new algorithm can be used successfully to design the desired DPE's. It is therefore expected to be useful in the design of DPE's for micro-optical systems.     

Preparation of PbTiO3 thin films using an alkoxide-alkanolamine sol-gel system

The stable range of PbTiO₃ sol and the processing conditions of uniform thin films were investigated using a solution of titanium isopropoxide, three kinds of alkanolamines (monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine), lead acetate trihydrate and isopropanol. Depending on the sol state with various alkanolamine/alkoxide molar ratios, diethanolamine (DEA) was very effective in preparing uniform and dense oxide films through room-temperature reaction, owing to its superior stability during the hydrolysis and condensation reaction. Perovskite PbTiO₃ thin films were obtained on oxidized silicon wafer above 550 °C and completely pure films were obtained at 650 °C using DEA as a complexing agent. The dielectric constant and loss tangent of these thin films fired at 650 °C for 30 min were found to be 240 and 0.01 at 1 kHz, respectively.     

Single-Atom Metal Sites Anchored Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks for Superior “Two-In-One” Photocatalytic Reaction

Photoredox catalysis is a green solution for organics transformation and CO₂ conversion into valuable fuels, meeting the challenges of sustainable energy and environmental concerns. However, the regulation of single-atomic active sites in organic framework not only influences the photoredox performance, but also limits the understanding of the relationship for photocatalytic selective organic conversion with CO₂ valorization into one reaction system. As a prototype, different single-atomic metal (M) sites (M²⁺ = Fe²⁺, Co²⁺, Ni²⁺, Cu²⁺, and Zn²⁺) in hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (M-HOF) backbone with bridging structure of metal-nitrogen are constructed by a typical “two-in-one” strategy for superior photocatalytic C N coupling reactions integrated with CO₂ valorization. Remarkably, Zn-HOF achieves 100% conversion of benzylamine oxidative coupling reactions, 91% selectivity of N-benzylidenebenzylamine and CO₂ conversion in one photoredox cycle. From X-ray absorption fine structure analysis and density functional theory calculations, the superior photocatalytic performance is attributed to synergic effect of atomically dispersed metal sites and HOF host, decreasing the reaction energy barriers, enhancing CO₂ adsorption and forming benzylcarbamic acid intermediate to promote the redox recycle. This work not only affords the rational design strategy of single-atom active sites in functional HOF, but also facilitates the fundamental insights upon the mechanism of versatile photoredox coupling reaction systems.     

卫星USB测控副载波同步算法研究

吉林一号卫星测控采用USB测控体制,遥控接收采用FFT+DPLL1+DPLL2的架构,FFT主要实现对载波的粗捕,DPLL1在FFT的基础上实现对载波相位的精跟踪,DPLL2实现副载波的跟踪。对遥控副载波跟踪所用到的数字PLL技术进行了研究,首先给出了载波多普勒折算到副载波上的方法,然后对模拟PLL数字化进行了详细的论述,并设计了遥控副载波同步用的PLL2,对其稳定性、快捕带及快捕时间、捕获带和捕获时间、同步速率等进行了分析和仿真。结果表明,该方法具有捕获时间短、跟踪精度高、稳定性好等特点,易于数字化实现,已成功在吉林一号系列卫星中得到应用。