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81.
Kenichi Mori Michiaki Sakamoto Jin Matsushima Daisuke Inoue Kenichirou Naka Ken Sumiyoshi 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2009,17(6):513-518
Abstract— In order to improve the reflective contrast ratio of transflective IPS‐LCDs, a novel pixel design for a normally white reflective IPS has been proposed. In this design, the large‐inter‐electrode‐spacing layout using a novel driving method and a double‐layered electrode have effectively reduced the light leakage. By applying these two technologies, a transflective IPS‐LCD has been successfully demonstrated with a high contrast ratio (15:1) in the reflective mode and a wide‐viewing‐angle characteristic in the transmissive mode. 相似文献
82.
Yasunobu Hitaka Yoshito Tanaka Yutaka Tanaka Ken Ichiryu 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2009,14(4):494-497
A tripod parallel mechanism consists of three links of fixed length and a rigid platform, and these are connected by revolute
joints. The platform can achieve sixdegrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) motion by the coordinated movement of the bottom ends of the
three links on a horizontal plane. This mechanism has advantages over the more common six extendible parallel manipulators.
It has a much larger work space and a simple structure. In this article, we show that the vector analysis for this tripod
parallel mechanism and the derivation of the positions of the three bottom ends of the links in an arbitrary attitude of platform
can be found by inverse kinematics and the conditions of geometrical constraint. Then, by a numerical simulation, the trajectories
of the bottom ends of the three links are shown. 相似文献
83.
84.
Zhi Li Kaveh Ahadi Keren Jiang Behzad Ahvazi Peng Li Anthony O.Anyia Ken Cadien Thomas Thundat 《Nano Research》2017,(5):1847-1860
Nanocellulose is a sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterial derived from renewable biomass.In this study,we utilized the structural advantages of two types of nanocellulose and fabricated freestanding carbonized hybrid nanocellulose films as electrode materials for supercapacitors.The long cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) formed a macroporous framework,and the short cellulose nanocrystals were assembled around the CNF framework and generated micro/mesopores.This two-level hierarchical porous structure was successfully preserved during carbonization because of a thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 conformal coating,which effectively prevented the aggregation of nanocellulose.These carbonized,partially graphitized nanocellulose fibers were interconnected,forming an integrated and highly conductive network with a large specific surface area of 1,244 m2·g-1.The two-level hierarchical porous structure facilitated fast ion transport in the film.When tested as an electrode material with a high mass loading of 4 mg·cm-2 for supercapacitors,the hierarchical porous carbon film derived from hybrid nanocellulose exhibited a specific capacitance of 170 F.g-1and extraordinary performance at high current densities.Even at a very high current of 50 A·g-1,it retained 65% of its original specific capacitance,which makes it a promising electrode material for high-power applications. 相似文献
85.
Tran Huu Nam Ken Goto Kahori Oshima E.V.A. Premalal Yoshinobu Shimamura Yoku Inoue 《Advanced Composite Materials》2016,25(1):73-86
A solid-state drawing and winding process was done to create thin aligned carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets from CNT arrays. However, waviness and poor packing of CNTs in the sheets are two main weaknesses restricting their reinforcing efficiency in composites. This report proposes a simple press-drawing technique to reduce wavy CNTs and to enhance dense packing of CNTs in the sheets. Non-pressed and pressed CNT/epoxy composites were developed using prepreg processing with a vacuum-assisted system. Effects of pressing on the mechanical properties of the aligned CNT sheets and CNT/epoxy composites were examined. Pressing with distributed loads of 147, 221, and 294 N/m showed a substantial increase in the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the aligned CNT sheets and their composites. The CNT sheets under a press load of 221 N/m exhibited the best mechanical properties found in this study. With a press load of 221 N/m, the pressed CNT sheet and its composite, respectively, enhanced the tensile strength by 139.1 and 141.9%, and the elastic modulus by 489 and 77.6% when compared with non-pressed ones. The pressed CNT/epoxy composites achieved high tensile strength (526.2 MPa) and elastic modulus (100.2 GPa). Results show that press-drawing is an important step to produce superior CNT sheets for development of high-performance CNT composites. 相似文献
86.
Contact dynamics (CD) is a powerful method to solve the dynamics of large systems of colliding rigid bodies. CD can be computationally more efficient than classical penalty-based discrete element methods (DEM) for simulating contact between stiff materials such as rock, glass, or engineering metals. However, by idealizing bodies as perfectly rigid, contact forces computed by CD can be non-unique due to indeterminacy in the contact network, which is a common occurence in dense granular flows. We propose a frictionless CD method that is designed to identify only the unique set of contact forces that would be predicted by a soft particle method, such as DEM, in the limit of large stiffness. The method involves applying an elastic compatibility condition to the contact forces, which maintains no-penetration constraints but filters out force distributions that could not have arisen from stiff elastic contacts. The method can be used as a post-processing step that could be integrated into existing CD codes with minimal effort. We demonstrate its efficacy in a variety of indeterminate problems, including some involving multiple materials, non-spherical shapes, and nonlinear contact constitutive laws. 相似文献
87.
Yu-Kyoung Kim Seo-Young Kim Ken Bode Yong-Seok Jang Tae-Young Kwon 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2018,19(1):324-335
Magnesium alloys are biodegradable metals receiving increasing attention, but the clinical applications of these materials are delayed by concerns over the rapid corrosion rate and gas formation. Unlike corrosion, which weakens mechanical properties, the gas formation issue has received little attention. Therefore, we evaluated the gas formation and biological effects for Mg implants through preclinical (immersed in Earle’s balanced salt solution and in vivo) and clinical studies. The immersion test examined the gas volume and composition. The in vivo study also examined gas volume and histological analysis. The clinical study examined the gas volume and safety after Mg screw metatarsal fixation. Gas was mainly composed of H2, CO and CO2. Maximum volumes of gas formed after 5 days for in vivo and 7 days in clinical study. Within the clinical examination, two superficial wound complications healed with local wound care. Osteolytic lesions in the surrounding metaphysis of the Mg screw insertion developed in all cases and union occurred at 3 months. Mg implants released gas with variable volumes and composition (H2, CO, and CO2), with no long-term toxic effects on the surrounding tissue. The implants enabled bone healing, although complications of wound breakdown and osteolytic lesions developed. 相似文献
88.
Ken Uchiyama 《AI & Society》1998,12(4):287-295
The industries of Japan have developed by learning from Western industries, especially the USA, and by implementing many of their concepts and technologies. However, Japanese industries have often implemented these concepts and technologies in a very different way from the USA. For example, while the USA uses information systems in retail industries as a tool by which data are collected and analysed to control the market, in Japan this same technology is considered rather as a learning device to interpret the market. While in the USA the market is seen as a natural phenomenon capable of being controlled, the Japanese see it as an ambiguous phenomenon that is ever changing and is not capable of being controlled. Rather it is important to feel the change in the market itself.This paper introduces human centredness to the information system, and argues against modern rationalism, i.e. human versus technology, taking the case of use of POS data from the POS system (point of sale: a system that collects data on both the customer and goods sold by scanning bar codes that are attached to the surface of the goods) by the eminent Japanese retailer, Ito-Yokado. It emphasises an interactive concept of interaction between human and technology of the postmodern paradigm. 相似文献
89.
Global estimates of evapotranspiration and gross primary production based on MODIS and global meteorology data 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Wenping Yuan Shuguang Liu Guirui Yu Jean-Marc Bonnefond Ken Davis Allen H. Goldstein Federica Rossi Shashi B. Verma 《Remote sensing of environment》2010,114(7):1416-4010
The simulation of gross primary production (GPP) at various spatial and temporal scales remains a major challenge for quantifying the global carbon cycle. We developed a light use efficiency model, called EC-LUE, driven by only four variables: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), air temperature, and the Bowen ratio of sensible to latent heat flux. The EC-LUE model may have the most potential to adequately address the spatial and temporal dynamics of GPP because its parameters (i.e., the potential light use efficiency and optimal plant growth temperature) are invariant across the various land cover types. However, the application of the previous EC-LUE model was hampered by poor prediction of Bowen ratio at the large spatial scale. In this study, we substituted the Bowen ratio with the ratio of evapotranspiration (ET) to net radiation, and revised the RS-PM (Remote Sensing-Penman Monteith) model for quantifying ET. Fifty-four eddy covariance towers, including various ecosystem types, were selected to calibrate and validate the revised RS-PM and EC-LUE models. The revised RS-PM model explained 82% and 68% of the observed variations of ET for all the calibration and validation sites, respectively. Using estimated ET as input, the EC-LUE model performed well in calibration and validation sites, explaining 75% and 61% of the observed GPP variation for calibration and validation sites respectively.Global patterns of ET and GPP at a spatial resolution of 0.5° latitude by 0.6° longitude during the years 2000-2003 were determined using the global MERRA dataset (Modern Era Retrospective-Analysis for Research and Applications) and MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer). The global estimates of ET and GPP agreed well with the other global models from the literature, with the highest ET and GPP over tropical forests and the lowest values in dry and high latitude areas. However, comparisons with observed GPP at eddy flux towers showed significant underestimation of ET and GPP due to lower net radiation of MERRA dataset. Applying a procedure to correct the systematic errors of global meteorological data would improve global estimates of GPP and ET. The revised RS-PM and EC-LUE models will provide the alternative approaches making it possible to map ET and GPP over large areas because (1) the model parameters are invariant across various land cover types and (2) all driving forces of the models may be derived from remote sensing data or existing climate observation networks. 相似文献
90.
Kazuto Okazaki Tatsuya Ogiwara Dongshin Yang Kentaro Sakata Ken Saito Yoshifumi Sekine Fumio Uchikoba 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2011,16(2):229-233
This article presents the micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) microrobot which demonstrates locomotion controlled by hardware
neural networks (HNN). The size of the microrobot fabricated by the MEMS technology is 4 × 4 × 3.5 mm. The frame of the robot
is made of silicon wafer, and it is equipped with a rotary-type actuator, a link mechanism, and six legs. The rotary-type
actuator generates rotational movement by applying an electrical current to artificial muscle wires. The locomotion of the
microrobot is obtained by the rotation of the rotary-type actuator. As in a living organism, the HNN realized robot control
without using any software programs, A/D converters, or additional driving circuits. A central pattern generator (CPG) model
was implemented as an HNN system to emulate the locomotion pattern. The MEMS microrobot emulated the locomotion method and
the neural networks of an insect with the rotary-type actuator, the link mechanism, and the HNN. The microrobot performed
forward and backward locomotion, and also changed direction by inputting an external trigger pulse. The locomotion speed was
0.325 mm/s and the step width was 1.3 mm. 相似文献