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91.
Yuki Akinaga Tokuhisa Kawawaki Hinano Kameko Yuki Yamazaki Kenji Yamazaki Yuhi Nakayasu Kosaku Kato Yuto Tanaka Adie Tri Hanindriyo Makito Takagi Tomomi Shimazaki Masanori Tachikawa Akira Yamakata Yuichi Negishi 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(33):2303321
Single-atom (SA) catalysts exhibit high activity in various reactions because there are no inactive internal atoms. Accordingly, SA cocatalysts are also an active research fields regarding photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) evolution which can be generated by abundant water and sunlight. Herein, it is investigated whether 10 transition metal elements can work as an SA on graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4; i.e., gCN), a promising visible-light-driven photocatalyst. A method is established to prepare SA-loaded gCN at high loadings (weight of ≈3 wt.% for Cu, Ni, Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ru) by modulating the photoreduction power. Regarding Au and Ag, SAs are formed with difficulty without aggregation because of the low binding energy between gCN and the SA. An evaluation of the photocatalytic H2-evolution activity of the prepared metal SA-loaded gCN reveals that Pd, Pt, and Rh SA-loaded gCN exhibits relatively high H2-evolution efficiency per SA. Transient absorption spectroscopy and electrochemical measurements reveal the following: i) Pd SA-loaded gCN exhibits a particularly suitable electronic structure for proton adsorption and ii) therefore they exhibit the highest H2-evolution efficiency per SA than other metal SA-loaded gCN. Finally, the 8.6 times higher H2-evolution rate per active site of Pd SA is achieved than that of Pd-nanoparticles cocatalyst. 相似文献
92.
Takekazu Ishida Kiichi Okuda Hidehito Asaoka Yukio Kazumata Kenji Noda Humihiko Takei 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》1996,105(5-6):1165-1170
The interplane (cb) and intraplane (ab) anisotropy of untwinned YBa2 Cu307 single crystals has been investigated by means of the torque magnetometry. To extract the reversible and irreversible components, the torque was measured as a function of increasing angle as well as decreasing angle. The interplane irreversible torque irr shows two-fold peaks at c =90 ° and270 ° (of half width11 ° at77 K) due to the well-known intrinsic interplane pinning. A novel intrinsic pinning has been discovered in the intraplane irreversible torque, i.e., irr shows four-fold peaks of half width20° at77 K when a =0 °, 90 °, 180 ° and270 °. We argue that the intrinsic intraplane pinning comes from the four-fold nature of the gap parameter. 相似文献
93.
Naoki Takahashi Hiroshi Tujii Megumi Katori Kenji Yamashita Daiji Noda Tadashi Hattori 《Microsystem Technologies》2010,16(8-9):1303-1307
We have produced diffraction gratings for obtaining high resolution X-ray phase imaging, such as X-ray Talbot interferometer. These diffraction gratings were required to have a fine, high accuracy, high aspect ratio structure. Therefore, we decided to use the X-rays lithography technique that used synchrotron radiation of the directivity for a manufacture process. The accuracy of the completed structure depends largely on the accuracy of the X-ray mask. In our group, a resin material is conventionally used for the membrane of large X-ray masks. However, X-ray masks comprising a resin membrane have the disadvantage that, after several cycles of X-ray exposure, they crease and sag due to X-ray-derived heat. As a substitute for the conventional resin membrane, we experimentally fabricated a new X-ray mask using a carbon wafer membrane. The newly fabricated X-ray mask was subjected to X-ray exposure experiment. We succeeded in making the structure body which was almost shape. And the experimental results verified that the new mask did not deteriorate even when used repeatedly, demonstrating that it was highly durable. 相似文献
94.
Yoshitaka Sawa Kenji Yamashita Takeshi Kitadani Daiji Noda Tadashi Hattori 《Microsystem Technologies》2010,16(8-9):1369-1375
The nickel electroforming method using a high-concentration nickel sulfamate bath is commonly used to fabricate micro metal molds in the LIGA process; however, this method does not produce micro metal molds of sufficient hardness. One means of improving the hardness of micro metal molds made using the nickel electroforming method is to include additives in the nickel plating solution. Another method is nickel alloy plating or a similar technique. In this research, we used a nickel–boron (Ni–B) electroless alloy plating method to obtain a hard nickel plated film having hardness of 832 Hv. It was also ascertained that Ni–B electroless alloy plated film retains its high hardness even during heat treatment in conditions of 250°C for 1 h. To deal with the high stresses developed in high-hardness plated films, we proposed double-layer nickel electroforming. This method is covered and used on conventional nickel electroforming layer by high hardness micro mold. High hardness micro metal mold using double-layer was fabricated by nickel electroforming and Ni–B electroless alloy plating method. 相似文献
95.
96.
Kenji Yoshigoe 《Computer Communications》2009,32(4):740-749
A combined input and crosspoint queued (CICQ) switch is receiving significant attention to be the next generation high speed packet switch for its scalability; however, a multi-cabinet implementation of a combined input and crosspoint queued (CICQ) switch unavoidably introduces a large round-trip time (RTT) latency between the line cards and switch fabric, resulting a large crosspoint (CP) buffer requirement. In this paper, virtual crosspoint queues (VCQs) that significantly reduces the CP buffer requirement of the CICQ switch is investigated. The VCQs unit resides inside the switch fabric, is dynamically shared among virtual output queues (VOQ) from the same source port, and is operated at the line rate, making the implementation practical. A threshold-based exhaustive round-robin (T-ERR) arbitration is employed to reduce buffer hogging at VCQ. The T-ERR at VCQ and CP arbiters serves packets residing in a longer queue more frequently than packet residing in a shorter queue. Consequently, the T-ERR, drastically increases the throughput of the CICQ switch with small CP buffers. A multi-cabinet implementation of CICQ switch do not support multicasting traffic well since a combination of small CP buffer in the switch fabric and a large RTT latency between the line cards and switch fabric results in non-work conservation of the intra-switch link. Deployment of multicast FIFO buffer between the input buffer and CP buffer shows a promise. With its ability to achieve high throughput independent of RTT and switch port size, the integration of the VCQ architecture and T-ERR scheduler to the CICQ switch is ideal for supporting ever-increasing Internet traffic that requires higher data rate, larger switch size, and efficient multicasting. 相似文献
97.
Recently multineuronal recording has allowed us to observe patterned firings, synchronization, oscillation, and global state transitions in the recurrent networks of central nervous systems. We propose a learning algorithm based on the process of information maximization in a recurrent network, which we call recurrent infomax (RI). RI maximizes information retention and thereby minimizes information loss through time in a network. We find that feeding in external inputs consisting of information obtained from photographs of natural scenes into an RI-based model of a recurrent network results in the appearance of Gabor-like selectivity quite similar to that existing in simple cells of the primary visual cortex. We find that without external input, this network exhibits cell assembly-like and synfire chain-like spontaneous activity as well as a critical neuronal avalanche. In addition, we find that RI embeds externally input temporal firing patterns to the network so that it spontaneously reproduces these patterns after learning. RI provides a simple framework to explain a wide range of phenomena observed in in vivo and in vitro neuronal networks, and it will provide a novel understanding of experimental results for multineuronal activity and plasticity from an information-theoretic point of view. 相似文献
98.
Joris Vaillant Abderrahmane Kheddar Hervé Audren François Keith Stanislas Brossette Adrien Escande Karim Bouyarmane Kenji Kaneko Mitsuharu Morisawa Pierre Gergondet Eiichi Yoshida Suuji Kajita Fumio Kanehiro 《Autonomous Robots》2016,40(3):561-580
We describe the research and the integration methods we developed to make the HRP-2 humanoid robot climb vertical industrial-norm ladders. We use our multi-contact planner and multi-objective closed-loop control formulated as a QP (quadratic program). First, a set of contacts to climb the ladder is planned off-line (automatically or by the user). These contacts are provided as an input for a finite state machine. The latter builds supplementary tasks that account for geometric uncertainties and specific grasps procedures to be added to the QP controller. The latter provides instant desired states in terms of joint accelerations and contact forces to be tracked by the embedded low-level motor controllers. Our trials revealed that hardware changes are necessary, and parts of software must be made more robust. Yet, we confirmed that HRP-2 has the kinematic and power capabilities to climb real industrial ladders, such as those found in nuclear power plants and large scale manufacturing factories (e.g. aircraft, shipyard) and construction sites. 相似文献
99.
Takayuki Kobayashi Hedong Zhang Kenji Fukuzawa Shintaro Itoh 《Microsystem Technologies》2016,22(6):1285-1290
A fundamental understanding of the diffusion phenomena of submonolayer polar liquid films is important for achieving reliable lubrication between moving mechanical parts separated by a nanometer-sized gap. To acquire this understanding, we conducted molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of diffusion phenomena of submonolayer polar perfluoropolyether (PFPE) Zdol films on solid surfaces. To improve the accuracy of these simulations, we developed an all-atom model that includes hydrogen-bond potential and refined atomic charges for Zdol molecules and tested it through MD simulations of spreading of step-shaped submonolayer PFPE films. Our MD simulations reproduced the experimentally observed effects of polar end groups on the diffusion speed and molecular conformation of Zdol. We then conducted MD simulations of self-diffusion of submonolayer Zdol films; these simulations demonstrated that as the thickness of the submonolayer Zdol films decreases, molecular conformation becomes flatter and the self-diffusion coefficient decreases. These changes in molecular conformation partially explain our experimental finding that the spreading of step-shaped submonolayer polar PFPE films slows down with decreasing initial thickness. 相似文献
100.
A design of high optical efficiency wedge type light guide plate adopting twin inclined cylindrical surface 下载免费PDF全文
Kenji Itoga Kazutada Takaira Seiji Sakai Toshiaki Fujino Tetsuya Satake Akimasa Yuuki 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2017,25(8):504-514
We propose wedge type light guide plate (LGP) adopting twin inclined cylindrical surfaces (TICS) at the incident part of a LGP. It has higher optical efficiency than conventional wedge type LGP. In dimension of LGP which the thickness of incident part is 1.5 mm and that of luminance part is 0.7 mm, the optical efficiency of wedge type LGP adopting TICS is expected to be 96% in comparison with a normal flat LGP. In addition, there is an advantage to reduce the non‐uniformity of vicinity of light emitted diodes (LEDs) by TICS reflecting light laterally. However, it is necessary that the LED centers are aligned with the intersections of TICS. The misalignment of LED causes non‐uniformity of optical profile that is slightly larger than a normal LGP. 相似文献