Modeling uniaxial tensile deformation of polycrystalline AI using CPFEM

The crystal plasticity finite element modeling （CPFEM） is realized in commercial finite element code ABAQUS with UMAT subroutine on the basis of the crystal plasticity theory of rate dependent polycrystal constitutive relations in the mesoscopic scale. The initial orientations obtained by electron backscatter diffraction （EBSD） are directly input into the CPFEM to simulate the mechanical response of polycrystalline 1050 pure Al in uniaxial tensile deformation. Two polycrystal models and two tensile strain rates were used in the simulations. The stress-strain curves of tensile deformation were analyzed. The predictions and the corresponding experiment result show reasonable agreement and slight deviation with experiments. The flow true stress of strain rate 0.01 s^-1 is higher than that of strain rate 0.001 s^-1. At the strain less than 0.05, the stress saturated rate of the experiment is higher than the simulated results. However, the stress saturated rate of the experiment becomes gentler than the corresponding simulated predictions at the strain over 0.05. Also, necking was simulated by the two models, but the necking strain is not well predicted. Tensile textures at strain 0.25 were predicted at the low strain rate of 0.001 s^-1. The predictions are in good accord with the experimental results. 2008 University of Science and Technology Beijing. All rights reserved.     

Abnormal Ductility Increase of Commercial Purity Al During Accumulative Roll Bonding

In this paper, sheets of commercial purity Al were fabricated by the accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) method up to six cycles. To increase the shear deformation, no lubricant was used during the ARB processing and the samples were carried out for ARB processing without any preheat treatment. One interesting finding is that the ductility and strength both increased during the first several cycles of ARB processing. It is proposed that the initial rolling texture might play an important part in the subsequent ARB processing since the original Al sheets for ARB processing have not been subjected to any annealing. The microstructures of the specimens after each ARB cycle were investigated by transmission electron microscopy and correlated with the mechanical properties.     

Modeling texture development during cold rolling of IF steel by crystal plasticity finite element method

With the consideration of slip deformation mechanism and various slip systems of body centered cubic (BCC) metals,Taylor-type and finite element polycrystai models were embedded into the commercial finite element code ABAQUS to realize crystal plasticity finte element modeling,based on the rate dependent crystal constitutive equations.Initial orientations measured by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were directly input into the crystal plasticity finite element model to simulate the development of rolling texture of interstitial-flee steel (IF steel) at various reductions.The modeled results show a good agreement with the experimental results.With increasing reduction,the predicted and experimental rolling textures tend to sharper,and the results simulated by the Taylor-type model are stronger than those simulated by finite element model.Conclusions are obtained that rolling textures calculated with 48 {110}<111>+{ 112}<111>+{123}<111> slip systems are more approximate to EBSD results.     

Utilization of the finite element and Monte Carlo model for simulating the recrystallization of inhomogeneous deformation of copper

In this paper the finite element method and Monte Carlo model are coupled to simulate the grain size distribution of inhomogeneously deformed copper wire after annealing. The wire flat rolling process is chosen as an inhomogeneous deformation. The finite element method is utilized to calculate the stored energy distribution due to deformation and is then used in Monte Carlo model to obtain the distribution of grain size. A new relationship is developed to simulate the nucleation in recrystallization phenomenon. The modeling results are compared with the experimental results and an acceptable agreement is achieved.     

Vital observations and microcinematography of the intracellular development of D. marinus and its interaction with cells

With the aid of stop motion cinemicrography of the interaction of D. murinus with cells in the tissue culture there was revealed a marked irritation of the cells by rickettsia with activation of mobility of the affected cells and their exit from the cell layer. Development of the causative agent of vesicular rickettsiosis in the cells was accompanied by an intensive movement of rickettsia in the cytoplasm, their active exit from the cell and their marked cytopathic action on the cells.     

Lignocellulosic and marine biomass as resource for production of polyhydroxyalkanoates

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are considered as sustainable ‘green/bio plastics’ because they have potential to replace their depleting petroleum-based competitors in the recent future. To reach this goal, PHAs must be able to compete with the established petroleum-based plastics in both technical and economic aspects. The current PHA production is based on high-priced substrates of high nutritional value and simple carbon sources such as glucose, sucrose, starch, or vegetable oils. Non-food based carbon-rich complex polysaccharides of lignocellulosic and marine biomass can be used as alternative and suitable feedstock through consolidated bioprocessing (CBP). CBP is a promising strategy that involves the production of lytic enzymes, hydrolysis of biomass, and fermentation of resulting sugars to desired products in a single process step. CBP offers very large cost reductions if microorganisms possessing the abilities are found or microbial processes are developed to utilize substrate and simultaneously produce products. This review focuses on possible available complex polysaccharides of lignocellulosic and marine biomass that can be used as resources to produce PHAs in biorefineries, including CBP.     

LiMn2O4/CNTs and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/CNTs Nanocomposites as High-Performance Cathode Materials for Lithium-Ion Batteries

The demand of higher energy density and higher power capacity of lithium(Li)-ion secondary batteries has led to the search for electrode materials whose capacities and performance are better than those available today. Carbon nanotubes(CNTs), with their unique properties such as 1D tubular structure, high electrical and thermal conductivities, and extremely large surface area, have been used as materials to prepare cathodes for Li-ion batteries. The structure and morphology of CNTs were analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The functional groups on the purified CNT surface such as –COOH, –OH were characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy. The electrode materials were fabricated from LiMn2O4(LMO), doped spinel LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, and purified CNTs via solid-state reaction. The structure and morphology of the electrode were characterized using XRD, SEM, and TEM. Finally, the efficiency of the electrode materials using CNTs was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.     

An Investigation of Interface Bonding of Bimetallic Foils by Combined Accumulative Roll Bonding and Asymmetric Rolling Techniques

The bond strength in bimetallic materials is an important material characteristic. In this study, 0.1-mm thick bimetallic foils (AA1050/AA6061) were produced using one pass of accumulative roll bonding followed by three passes of asymmetric rolling (AR). The AR passes were carried out at roll speed ratios of 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, and 1.4 separately. Finite element simulation was used to model the deformation of the bimetallic foils for the various experimental conditions. Particular attention was focused on the bonding of the interface between AA1050 and AA6061 layers in the simulation. The optimization of the roll speed ratio was obtained for improvement of the bond strength of the interface of AA1050/AA6061 bimetallic foils during AR process. In the simulation, the mean equivalent strain at the interface zone between the AA1050 and AA6061 layers was seen to reach a peak value at a roll speed ratio of about 1.2 to 1.3, which also corresponded to a high quality bond at the interface as observed experimentally.