Incorporating macroeconomic feedback into an energy systems model using an IO approach: Evaluating the rebound effect in the Korean electricity system

This paper approximates the emissions rebound effects¹ associated with substituting expensive and GHG emitting natural gas (LNG) power plants, with apparently cheaper and lower emitting nuclear plant. It then evaluates the effect this has on economy wide electricity use as well as net GHG emissions changes.     

An experimental study of the characteristics of a Darrieus turbine for tidal power generation

The Darrieus turbine was initially developed for wind turbines. An example of its application to water turbines is found in the Darrieus turbine installed in a duct for low head power generation, but no example is known of its application in a natural water channel. The authors have developed a Darrieus turbine that is suitable for tidal current power generation with the aim of establishing tidal current power generation technology through demonstrations in test channels and oceans. The efficiency of tidal current power generation is influenced by the characteristics of the turbine. The characteristics of the Darrieus turbine are mainly affected by the solidity and the number of blades. The Darrieus turbine was tested in test channels to find the most suitable values for the rotor solidity and the number of blades. This paper describes and examines those test results. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 132(3): 38–47, 2000     

The Nodal SDW Gap and the Superconducting Gap in?BaFe2?x Co x As2

The spin density wave (SDW) transition in BaFe₂As₂ and the superconducting transition in BaFe_1.84Co_0.16As₂ were investigated by Raman scattering. The symmetries of the nodal SDW gap at 400?cm^?1 and the superconducting gap at 75?cm^?1 are both?B _2g. The superconducting coherent peak energy is smaller than the gap energy of the hole pocket, indicating that the peak is the resonant peak in the S _?? superconductor. The superconducting symmetry is given by B _2g in the orbital combination and A _1g (S _??) in the momentum space. The exchange interaction energies are estimated from the two-magnon peak.     

Gamma-aminobutyric acid fermentation in MRS-based medium by the fructophilic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Y7

Food Science and Biotechnology - Among the key metabolites produced by probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB), the use of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), which alleviates hypertension, depression,...     

Preparation of novel (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans having reducing glucose side chains

Novel (1-->3)-beta-D-glucans (GPBCD, GPECD, GP6CD, and GP3CD) having reducing glucose side chains were prepared from a linear (1-->3)-beta-D-glucan (curdlan: CD) with halogeno glucose isopropylidene derivatives in dimethyl sulfoxide containing dimsyl sodium, followed by treatment with 40% trifluoroacetic acid to remove protecting isopropylidene groups. The side chain glucose moiety was linked or directly or through a spacer at various positions except for its anomeric carbon.     

New Phases for the Orientational Ordering of Quantum Rotors: H2 on Hexagonal BN

The phase diagram for the orientational ordering of 2D films of ortho–para H ₂ mixtures has been explored for both commensurate and incommensurate monolayer coverages on hexagonal BN. NMR techniques were used to study ortho concentrations 0.30<x<0.74and temperatures 0.05 <T<4.2. Three distinctly different classes of line shapes were observed and we interpret these in terms of the different phases predicted for the orientational ordering in 2D. At high concentrations a Pake doublet line shape was observed which is characteristic of the pinwheel (PW) ordering predicted by Harris and Berlinsky. For intermediate concentrations a distinctive helmet shaped NMR line is observed which is the signature of a quadrupolar glass state. This line shape was seen only for commensurate coverages. At low concentrations (x<0.45) a new very sharply defined Pake doublet shape is seen which corresponds to a very narrow distribution of order parameters. We interpret this latter phase as a herringbone (HB) ordering.     

Chemically induced reduction: A viable process for synthesizing γ-TiAl based intermetallic matrix composite powders containing nanocrystalline TiC

A chemically induced reduction process has been developed for synthesizing intermetallic matrix composites (IMCs) consisting of titanium aluminide and titanium carbide. The process involves the reduction of metal chlorides (TiCl₄ and AlCl₃) with metallic lithium in polar organic solvents such as acetonitrile (MeCN) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) to form a colloidal precursor. The as-prepared precursors have been either directly heat treated in ultra-high-purity argon (UHP-Ar) or pretreated in hydrogen (H₂) followed by further heat treatment in UHP-Ar. The powders have been characterized primarily using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Results of the structural analyses conducted on the heat-treated precursors derived using MeCN as a solvent indicate the formation of either single-phase titanium carbide (TiC) or a composite mixture of γ-TiAl and nanocrystalline TiC, depending on the heat-treatment conditions. The formation of TiC is related to the strong interaction between TiCl₄ and the polar organic solvents, resulting in the formation of adducts which contain primary Ti-C linkages. Pretreatment of the precursors derived using MeCN as a solvent in H₂ promotes the removal of carbon and results in the formation of the composite mixture of γ-TiAl and TiC after subsequent Ar treatment at 1200 °C. At this stage, washing the pretreated powders in water helps to minimize and even eliminate any impurity phases to a large extent, leaving behind phase-pure composites containing γ-TiAl and TiC after the final Ar treatment. However, extended pretreatment in H₂ appears to be ineffective toward removal of additional carbon and leads to formation of hydride-phase impurities. On the other hand, the reductive reaction conducted using THF as a solvent results in minimizing the amount of carbon while inducing the formation of γ-TiAl during direct Ar treatment of the precursors. This is because of the weaker interaction between TiCl₄ and THF. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize the size distribution of the constituent phases. The analysis shows that the composite synthesized using these chemical approaches consist of discrete nanocrystalline TiC particles (<20 nm) that are uniformly distributed intermixed with submicron sized γ-TiAl (0.1 to 0.2 μm). Thus, the new chemical process proposed in this study demonstrates the potential for synthesizing in situ composites containing fine distribution of γ-TiAl and nanocrystalline TiC. Such composites could potentially exhibit unique mechanical properties and deformation behavior useful for high-temperature structural applications.     

Orientational Ordering in Ultra-Thin Films of Quantum Rotors on Boron Nitride

We report the results from NMR studies of submonolayer and monolayer films of solid hydrogen (corresponding to the expected commensurate and incommensurate solid, respectively) on a well defined insulating substrate (boron nitride). The orientational ordering of the ortho-H₂ molecules (J=1 quantum rotors) was explored for ortho-H ₂ concentrations 0.3<X<0.74 and temperatures 0.05<T<4.2 K. The phase diagram for submonolayer hydrogen films (75% of full monolayer) has been identified in terms of X and T from clear structural changes of the NMR spectra, including the observation of a new 2D orientational quadrupolar glass ordering for 0.48<X<0.69 and 0.2T0.6 K. Two distinct long range orientationally ordered phases are identified for monolayer hydrogen films: an expected pinwheel lattice structure for high X and an expected herringbone structure for low X.