Oberflächenenergetische Charakterisierung

Surface Energetic Characterization of Nanoscale Fillers and Elastomers Almost any technically used rubber material is filled with particles in nanometer size, by which the properties of the material can be specific controlled. In modern car tires the used fillers have crucial influence on driving security (wet grip and ice grip), on fuel consumption (rolling resistance) and on the cost‐effectiveness (life time of the tire) [1].The first fillers used in rubber application were carbon blacks; actually in passenger car tires mostly surface modified silica is applied. The implementation of novel filler systems like organophilic modified layered silicates (organo‐clays) or carbon nanotubes is subject of intense research [2,3]. Surface energy and –polarity of the filler surface is a crucial, but often underestimated determining factor. All surface properties of rubber and filler have to be well balanced to get the nanoscale filler particles finely dispersed in the rubber matrix and also to obtain a good adhesion between polymer and filler surface.     

Logic circuits based on individual semiconducting and metallic carbon-nanotube devices

Nanoscale transistors employing an individual semiconducting carbon nanotube as the channel hold great potential for logic circuits with large integration densities that can be manufactured on glass or plastic substrates. Carbon nanotubes are usually produced as a mixture of semiconducting and metallic nanotubes. Since only semiconducting nanotubes yield transistors, the metallic nanotubes are typically not utilized. However, integrated circuits often require not only transistors, but also resistive load devices. Here we show that many of the metallic carbon nanotubes that are deposited on the substrate along with the semiconducting nanotubes can be conveniently utilized as load resistors with favorable characteristics for the design of integrated circuits. We also demonstrate the fabrication of arrays of transistors and resistors, each based on an individual semiconducting or metallic carbon nanotube, and their integration on glass substrates into logic circuits with switching frequencies of up to 500 kHz using a custom-designed metal interconnect layer.     

减摩耐磨用无机颗粒／高分子复合材料研究的进展

综述了减摩抗磨用无机颗粒／高分子复合材料的最新研究进展,重点阐述了不同类型无机颗粒的作用机理及其对复合材料最终性能的影响,指出这类材料的发展趋势在于应用纳米填料,通过发展适当的分散技术,同时加强粒子与基体的结合,有可能克服现有微米颗粒复合材料中存在的缺点,全面提高复合材料的综合性能。     

Density and surface tension of the Pb-Sn liquid alloys

The maximum bubble pressure method and the dilatometric method were used, respectively, in measurements of surface tensions and densities of Pb-Sn liquid alloys. The experiments were carried out in the temperature range from 573 to 1200 K for the pure Pb, pure Sn, and 7 alloys of the compositions 0.1, 0.2, 0.26, 0.36, 0.5, 0.7, and 0.9 mole fraction of Pb. A straight-line dependence on temperature was observed and fitted by the method of least squares both for the densities and the surface tensions. The calculated density isotherm at 673 K showed a positive deviation from the linearity over the entire range of composition, and the same tendency was seen at 1173 K for compositions higher than X _Pb=0.26. At the lower concentration of Pb, a nearly linear character of 1173 K isotherm was noted. In the case of surface tensions, both at the lowest and the highest temperatures (673 and 1173 K), the deviation from linearity with composition was negative, but deviation decreased with increasing temperature. The isotherms of the compositional dependence of surface tension calculated from the Butler model exhibit good agreement with experimental data.     

Correction on: Laboratory study of heat transfer through thin layers of casting slag: minimization of the slag/probe contact resistance

The heat flux densities through thin layers of casting slag have been measured with a soft cooling heat flux probe which made smooth probe/slag interfaces. Thus the contact resistance was avoided. The evaluated effective thermal conductivities were applied, together with the data on the contact resistance, to compute the “system conductivities” existing in the continuous casting “system” water cooled copper/slag/strand. The refractive index and absorption spectrum were measured and used to deduce functions for the radiative and conductive (phonon) conductivities. Although precise values could not be obtained, due to the many assumptions involved, the data indicate that the conductive conductivity does not change drastically at high temperatures and on melting.     

Combined BS and MS Degree Program in Architectural Engineering

This paper describes the implementation of a combined bachelor of science and master of science degree program in architectural engineering at Kansas State University (KSU). The BS degree in architectural engineering at KSU is a five-year, 162-credit program. Students accepted into the combined BS∕MS program have the potential to reduce their undergraduate program by 15 complementary and free electives and then complete a 30-credit MS program. Availability of the program has contributed to a significant increase in the number and quality of graduate students with the potential to make a significant contribution in the building industry.     

Synthesis and properties of copolymers from diphenylacetylene having a hexaphenylbenzene moiety

Summary Copolymerization of diphenylacetylene having a hexaphenylbenzene group, 1-[p-(pentaphenyl)phenyl]-2-phenylacetylene (1), with a few other diphenylacetylene derivatives (i.e., diphenylacetylene, 1-phenyl-2-[p-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl] acetylene, 1-phenyl-2-[p-n-octylphenyl]acetylene, (2a–c, respectively) and properties of the formed copolymers were investigated. No polymer was obtained in homopolymerization of 1 with TaCl₅-n-Bu₄Sn catalyst owing to steric hindrance. On the other hand, copolymerization with 2a–c proceeded at various feed ratios to give copolymers in moderate yields. Copoly(1/2a) (feed ratio 25/75) was soluble in toluene and CHCl₃ and its weight-average molecular weight (M _w) was ca. 31×10⁴ and relatively high. Copoly(1/2b) and copoly(1/2c) (both feed ratios 5/95) were soluble in common organic solvents, and had a large M _w up to ca. 1×10⁶. These copolymers were yellow to orange solids. Oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of hexaphenylbenzene groups in copoly(1/2a) was attempted in order to convert them into more conjugated groups. Received: 24 January 2000/Accepted: 17 February 2000     

New Adhesion Promoters for Copper Leadframes and Epoxy Resin

New primer molecules have been synthesized to increase the adhesion strength between a copper leadframe and an epoxy molding compound in microelectronical devices. The coupling agents were preliminarily chemisorbed at the surface of copper plates via special binding groups like thiol, disulfide, ethylene diamine and phthalocyanine. Binding to the epoxy resin was performed via an hydroxyl group. Linear hydrocarbon spacers with various chain lengths connected the copper- and epoxy-binding groups. The self-assembled layers of the organic coupling agents at the metal surface were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to study the coating with respect to its corrosion oxidation inhibition. Shear tests clearly indicated that the coupling agents increase adhesion strength and are stable even in extreme humidity and thermal conditions in analogy to IPC-Level-1 pretreatment. Thus, delamination of the microelectronical packages was prevented.     

77 GHz soliton modelocked Nd:YVO4 laser

An Nd:YVO₄ laser which was passively modelocked at the very high repetition rate of ~77 GHz, using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror (SESAM), is demonstrated. The soliton-like pulses are well separated in time and their duration is 2.7 ps. The required negative dispersion is introduced by a GTI-like structure, which is formed by the gain medium and the SESAM     

Talbrücke Elben – Eine Stahlverbundbrücke mit einteiligem Querschnitt

Viaduct Elben – A steel‐composite bridge with one‐piece cross‐section. In the north of Siegen a non existing section of the German motorway Autobahn A 4 and of the federal highway B 54n, also called “Hüttentalstraße”, was completed during the last years. The 432 m long viaduct – called “Talbrücke Elben”, as an important element in the construction for the extension of the A 4, is in particular interesting because of its design and its construction itself. During the last years about 10 similar constructions have been implemented, others are currently planned. Therefore, it seems appropriate to report about the experiences with steel‐composite bridges in general and particular, always having the bridge “Talbrücke Elben” in mind. Furthermore, the paper intends to give an overview on further fields of application in the near future.