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61.
Daniel S. Camarda Matthew J. Lampe Alan J. Lesser Philippe Desbois Klaus Stoll Claus Gabriel Rupert Konradi 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(41):51203
The creation of graft copolymers by selectively grafting a second polymer to the amorphous fraction of a semi-crystalline polymer in supercritical CO2 is demonstrated herein. The graft copolymer is synthesized by free radical polymerization of a vinyl monomer within the semi-crystalline polymer below its melt temperature. Such conditions afford selective grafting on the amorphous regions (block “B”) while leaving the crystalline domains (block “A”) unmodified. Accordingly, unique A-B, A-B-A, A-B-A-B-A, and so forth. block structures are formed. In this work, styrene is polymerized within polyamide 6, polyethylene terephthalate, and isotactic polypropylene. Purification of these material is performed to remove the un-grafted homopolymer, allowing for determination of the graft yield, the portion of polymer which covalently bonds to the semi-crystalline matrix. Grafting yields achieved in polyamide 6, polyethylene terephthalate, and isotactic polypropylene were 98%, 59%, and 15%, respectively. Property enhancements were observed upon further characterization of polystyrene-polyamide 6 copolymers, including high glass transition temperatures, the ability to be remelted, and tunable grafting molecular weight. Additionally, hydrophobicity is controlled by varying polystyrene composition. The remarkable range of accessed properties demonstrates this as a potential route to upcycling plastics. 相似文献
62.
Sascha Stanic Thomas Koch Klaus Schmid Simone Knaus Vasiliki-Maria Archodoulaki 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(28):50659
The influence of two peroxides (peroxydicarbonate/dilauroyl peroxide) with various concentrations (10–200 mmol/kg PP) and their effective opportunity to introduce long chain branched (LCB) were investigated. The dependence of a single and double extrusion step and the changes of the properties were studied. Experiments were carried out in a single screw extruder at 180°C for the first extrusion step (modification) and at 240°C for the second extrusion step (processing simulation). Melt flow rate and dynamic rheological properties were studied at a measuring temperature of 230°C. For the definitive determination of long chain branched polypropylene (LCB-PP) served the extensional rheology measurements. The mechanical properties were examined via tensile test and impact tensile test. Summarized, LCB (melt strength) could be observed via extensional rheology for all modified specimens and the mechanical properties were maintained or even improved for the modified samples. Particularly, samples containing dilauroyl peroxide display excellent mechanical properties in this study. 相似文献
63.
Chaudry Oliver Friedberger Andreas Grimm Alexandra Uder Michael Nagel Armin Michael Kemmler Wolfgang Engelke Klaus 《Magma (New York, N.Y.)》2021,34(3):367-376
Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine - To develop a precise semi-automated segmentation of the fascia lata (FL) of the thigh to quantify IMAT volume in T1w MR images and... 相似文献
64.
An efficient method for solving the Signorini problem in the simulation of free-form surfaces produced by belt grinding 总被引:1,自引:3,他引:1
Xiang Zhang Bernd Kuhlenktter Klaus Kneupner 《International Journal of Machine Tools and Manufacture》2005,45(6):641-648
Industrial robots are recently introduced to the belt grinding of free-form surfaces to obtain high productive efficiency and constant surface quality. The simulation of belt grinding process can facilitate planning grinding paths and writing robotic programs before manufacturing. In simulation, it is crucial to get the force distribution in the contact area between the workpiece and the elastic contact wheel because the uneven distributed local forces are the main reason to the unequal local removals on the grated surface. The traditional way is to simplify this contact problem as a Signorini contact problem and use the finite element method (FEM) to calculate the force distribution. However, the FEM model is too computationally expensive to meet the real-time requirement. A new model based on support vector regression (SVR) technique is developed in this paper to calculate the force distribution instead of the FEM model. The new model approximates the FEM model with an error smaller than 5%, but executes much faster (1 s vs 15 min by FEM). With this new model, the real-time simulation and even the on-line robot control of grinding processes can be further conducted. 相似文献
65.
Anshu Dubey Klaus Weide Dongwook Lee John Bachan Christopher Daley Samuel Olofin Noel Taylor Paul M. Rich Lynn B. Reid 《Software》2015,45(2):233-244
When developing a complex, multi‐authored code, daily testing on multiple platforms and under a variety of conditions is essential. It is therefore necessary to have a regression test suite that is easily administered and configured, as well as a way to easily view and interpret the test suite results. We describe the methodology for verification of FLASH, a highly capable multiphysics scientific application code with a wide user base. The methodology uses a combination of unit and regression tests and an in‐house testing software that is optimized for operation under limited resources. Although our practical implementations do not always comply with theoretical regression‐testing research, our methodology provides a comprehensive verification of a large scientific code under resource constraints.Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
66.
Luis G. Nardin Giulia Andrighetto Rosaria Conte Áron Székely David Anzola Corinna Elsenbroich Ulf Lotzmann Martin Neumann Valentina Punzo Klaus G. Troitzsch 《Autonomous Agents and Multi-Agent Systems》2016,30(6):1117-1147
Protection racketeering groups are powerful, deeply entrenched in multiple societies across the globe, and they harm the societies and economies in which they operate in multiple ways. These reasons make their dynamics important to understand and an objective of both scientific and application-oriented interest. Legal and social norm-based approaches arguably play significant roles in influencing protection racket dynamics. We propose an agent-based simulation model, the Palermo Scenario, to enrich our understanding of these influences and to test the effect of different policies on protection racket dynamics. Our model integrates the legal and the social norm-based approaches and uses a complex normative agent architecture that enables the analysis of both agents’ behaviours and mental normative representations driving behaviour. We demonstrate the usefulness of the model and the benefits of using this complex normative architecture through a case study of the Sicilian Mafia. 相似文献
67.
Linear inverse Gaussian problems are traditionally solved using least squares-based inversion. The center of the posterior Gaussian probability distribution is often chosen as the solution to such problems, while the solution is in fact the posterior Gaussian probability distribution itself. We present an algorithm, based on direct sequential simulation, which can be used to efficiently draw samples of the posterior probability distribution for linear inverse problems. There is no Gaussian restriction on the distribution in the model parameter space, as inherent in traditional least squares-based algorithms.As data for linear inverse problems can be seen as weighed linear averages over some volume, block kriging can be used to perform both estimation (i.e. finding the center of the posterior Gaussian pdf) and simulation (drawing samples of the posterior Gaussian pdf). We present the kriging system which we use to implement a flexible GSLIB-based algorithm for solving linear inverse problems.We show how we implement such a simulation program conditioned to linear average data. The program is called VISIM as an acronym for Volume average Integration SIMulation. An effort has been made to make the program efficient, even for larger scale problems, and the computational efficiency and accuracy of the code is investigated.Using a synthetic cross-borehole tomography case study, we show how the program can be used to generate realizations of the a posteriori distributions (i.e. solutions) from a linear tomography problem. Both Gaussian and non-Gaussian a priori model parameter distributions are considered. 相似文献
68.
Timo Ropinski Jennis Meyer-Spradow Stefan Diepenbrock Jörg Mensmann Klaus Hinrichs 《Computer Graphics Forum》2008,27(2):567-576
We propose a method for rendering volumetric data sets at interactive frame rates while supporting dynamic ambient occlusion as well as an approximation to color bleeding. In contrast to ambient occlusion approaches for polygonal data, techniques for volumetric data sets have to face additional challenges, since by changing rendering parameters, such as the transfer function or the thresholding, the structure of the data set and thus the light interactions may vary drastically. Therefore, during a preprocessing step which is independent of the rendering parameters we capture light interactions for all combinations of structures extractable from a volumetric data set. In order to compute the light interactions between the different structures, we combine this preprocessed information during rendering based on the rendering parameters defined interactively by the user. Thus our method supports interactive exploration of a volumetric data set but still gives the user control over the most important rendering parameters. For instance, if the user alters the transfer function to extract different structures from a volumetric data set the light interactions between the extracted structures are captured in the rendering while still allowing interactive frame rates. Compared to known local illumination models for volume rendering our method does not introduce any substantial rendering overhead and can be integrated easily into existing volume rendering applications. In this paper we will explain our approach, discuss the implications for interactive volume rendering and present the achieved results. 相似文献
69.
In this paper we describe a general grouping technique to devise faster and simpler approximation schemes for several scheduling
problems. We illustrate the technique on two different scheduling problems: scheduling on unrelated parallel machines with
costs and the job shop scheduling problem. The time complexity of the resulting approximation schemes is always linear in
the number n of jobs, and the multiplicative constant hidden in the O(n) running time is reasonably small and independent of the error ε.
Supported by Swiss National Science Foundation project 200020-109854, “Approximation Algorithms for Machine scheduling Through
Theory and Experiments II”.
A preliminary version of this paper appeared in the Proceedings of ESA’01. 相似文献
70.
Klaus Dräger Bernd Finkbeiner Andreas Podelski 《International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer (STTT)》2009,11(1):27-37
In directed model checking, the traversal of the state space is guided by an estimate of the distance from the current state
to the nearest error state. This paper presents a distance-preserving abstraction for concurrent systems that allows one to compute an interesting estimate of the error distance without hitting the state
explosion problem. Our experiments show a dramatic reduction both in the number of states explored by the model checker and
in the total runtime. 相似文献