Overview on Technical Issues for Future Mobile Network and a Proposal of DLC Scheme in Wireless Link

This paper gives an overview on technical issues for future mobile networks. the QoS control for multimedia services, security function, expansion of network capacity, expansion of address space, multicast function, radio link quality and mobility control of terminals are taken up as technical issues.Then, a novel DLC scheme in wireless link named EREP-ARQ (Estimation and Report of Error Pattern ARQ) which can reduce the retransmission ratio is proposed. In this scheme, error pattern generated in the radio link is estimated at the receiver side and the estimated error pattern is returned to the transmission side. If the estimation is correct, no retransmission is needed. Compared to conventional SR-ARQ, throughput can be improved by17% and Cell Loss Ratio (or Packet Loss Rate) can be reduced to less than 1/10 by the proposed EREP-ARQ.     

Development of an active targeting liposome encapsulated with high-density colloidal gold for transmission electron microscopy

Active targeting of the liposome is an attractive strategy for drug delivery and in vivo bio-imaging. We previously reported the specific accumulation of Sialyl Lewis X (SLX) liposome to inflamed tissue in arthritic model mice or tumor-bearing mice. SLX-liposome encapsulation with fluorescent substances allows for the visualization of these liposomes by the time-dependent transvascular accumulation of fluorescent signals in the histological sections. In the present study, we developed a new SLX-liposome encapsulated with colloidal gold for transmission electron microscopic observation. We herein describe the characterization of the colloidal gold-loaded SLX-liposomes and demonstrate its specific targeting to the endothelial cells of tumor blood vessels in tumor-bearing mice.     

Oxygen-permselectivity in new type polyorganosiloxanes with carboxyl group on the side chain

Summary Oxygen-permselectivity through polyorganosiloxanes with carboxyl group on the side chain is discussed in terms of the differences between the O₂, N₂ diffusion coefficients or their solubility coefficients. The oxygen-selectivity increases from 2 to 5 with the increase in the carboxyl component of the side chain. Especially the selectivity in the diffusion coefficient is found to more contribute to the oxygenpermselectivity in comparison with that of the solubility coefficient. But the permeation coefficient decreases with the permselectivity.This work was partially supported by a Grand-in-Aid from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture, Japan.     

Polymers of α-substituted benzyl methacrylates as a new type of electron-beam resist

Summary Polymer of α-substituted benzyl methacrylate was found to be used as a new type of positive electron-beam resist, which forms methacrylic acid units in the polymer chain on the exposure to electron-beam and can be developed using alkaline solution as a developer. The sensitivity was dependent on the bulkiness of the ester group and the number of ?-hydrogen atoms in the ester group. The sensitivity and γ-value of atactic poly(α, α-dimethylbenzyl methacrylate) were improved by a factor of more than three over poly (methyl methacrylate).     

Oxygen Self-Diffusion in Single-Crystal Y2O3

Self-diffusion coefficients of the oxygen ion in single-crystal Y₂O₃ were determined by the gas-solid isotope exchange technique. The results in the range 1100° to 1500°C are described by D=7.3 X 10^-6 exp [-19l(kJ/mol)/RT] cm²/s. Comparison of the results with those for oxides with the fluorite-type structure indicates that the regularly arranged vacant anion sites in the C-type structure do not contribute eflectively to oxygen ion diffusion .     

One Pot Cooking of Rice Grains for Preparation of Rice-Gel Samples Using a Small-Scale Viscosity Analyzer: Small-scale Rice-gel Preparation from Grains

Rice-gel prepared by the following three steps: rice grain cooking, shearing of the cooked rice, and cooling for gel formation, is expected as a novel food ingredient for modification of various food products such as bread and noodles. To meet the demand for high-throughput systems for research and developments on the new rice gels, herein we established a mini-cooking system for preparation of rice gel samples from grains using a small-scale viscosity analyzer (Rapid Visco Analyzer; RVA). Polished rice grains (4 g) were cooked with 22 mL of water in a canister, and the paddle equipped in the canister was rotated at 2,000 rpm for 30 min (80 °C was used as a representative) to shear the cooked rice. The sheared paste was cooled to 10 °C at 160 rpm, and the initial gelation property was evaluated by viscosity analysis within the RVA. Alternatively, the sheared paste was transferred to an acrylic mold and kept at 4 °C for 0, 1, 3, and 5 days for determination of the hardness with a compression test. Compressive forces required to penetrate 20 % thickness for three tested rice cultivars were measured, and the trend of the value shifts during preservation is similar to the corresponding trend obtained in 300-g grain scale laboratory tests, whereas the individual values were halved in the former. This small cooking method could offer a useful assay system for a rapid evaluation in the breeding programs and in the high-throughput screening of additives for the modification of properties.     

Anthocyanins,but not Anthocyanidins,from Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) Alleviate Pruritus via Inhibition of Mast Cell Degranulation

Abstract: We have previously reported that bilberry anthocyanins exhibit an anti‐pruritic effect in a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis. It has been reported that anthocyanins are particularly sensitive to thermal treatment and are easily hydrolyzed to anthocyanidins when exposed to high temperatures. The objective of this study was to compare the anti‐pruritic effect of anthocyanin‐rich quality‐controlled bilberry extract and anthocyanidin‐rich degraded extract using a mouse model of allergic contact dermatitis. BALB/c mice with allergic contact dermatitis induced by 4 weeks of repeated application of 2,4,6‐trinitro‐1‐chlorobenzene (TNCB) were administered Bilberon‐25 orally for 4 weeks after sensitization with TNCB. The effect of Bilberon‐25 on pruritus was evaluated by measurement of scratching behavior. RBL‐2H3 mast cells were used to investigate the effect of Bilberon‐25 on degranulation in 48/80‐stimulated mast cells. Compared with nonheated Bilberon‐25, the proportion of anthocyanins in heated Bilberon‐25 decreased, and the proportion of anthocyanidins was increased in heated‐time dependent manner. Treatment with non‐heated Bilberon‐25 significantly attenuated the TNCB‐induced increase in scratching behavior, whereas treatment with 2 h‐heated Bilberon‐25 did not. Moreover, 300 μg/mL nonheated Bilberon‐25 showed significant inhibition of degranulation in RBL‐2H3 mast cells, whereas 2 h‐heated Bilberon‐25 had no effect at any concentration studied. It is assumed that the inhibitory effect of bilberry anthocyanins on pruritus might be mediated, at least in part, by its inhibitory effect on mast cell degranulation. In conclusion, the anthocyanin‐rich but not anthocyanidin‐rich bilberry extract may be a useful dietary supplement for skin diseases involving pruritic symptoms, such as chronic allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, and rhinitis.