排序方式: 共有22条查询结果,搜索用时 312 毫秒
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Hendrik Heinz Kshitij C. Jha Jutta Luettmer-Strathmann Barry L. Farmer Rajesh R. Naik 《Journal of the Royal Society Interface》2011,8(55):220-232
Metal surfaces in contact with water, surfactants and biopolymers experience attractive polarization owing to induced charges. This fundamental physical interaction complements stronger epitaxial and covalent surface interactions and remains difficult to measure experimentally. We present a first step to quantify polarization on even gold (Au) surfaces in contact with water and with aqueous solutions of peptides of different charge state (A3 and Flg-Na3) by molecular dynamics simulation in all-atomic resolution and a posteriori computation of the image potential. Attractive polarization scales with the magnitude of atomic charges and with the length of multi-poles in the aqueous phase such as the distance between cationic and anionic groups. The polarization energy per surface area is similar on aqueous Au {1 1 1} and Au {1 0 0} interfaces of approximately −50 mJ m−2 and decreases to −70 mJ m−2 in the presence of charged peptides. In molecular terms, the polarization energy corresponds to −2.3 and −0.1 kJ mol−1 for water in the first and second molecular layers on the metal surface, and to between −40 and 0 kJ mol−1 for individual amino acids in the peptides depending on the charge state, multi-pole length and proximity to the surface. The net contribution of polarization to peptide adsorption on the metal surface is determined by the balance between polarization by the peptide and loss of polarization by replaced surface-bound water. On metal surfaces with significant epitaxial attraction of peptides such as Au {1 1 1}, polarization contributes only 10–20% to total adsorption related to similar polarity of water and of amino acids. On metal surfaces with weak epitaxial attraction of peptides such as Au {1 0 0}, polarization is a major contribution to adsorption, especially for charged peptides (−80 kJ mol−1 for peptide Flg-Na3). A remaining water interlayer between the metal surface and the peptide then reduces losses in polarization energy by replaced surface-bound water. Computed polarization energies are sensitive to the precise location of the image plane (within tenths of Angstroms near the jellium edge). The computational method can be extended to complex nanometre and micrometer-size surface topologies. 相似文献
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In pinch analysis, the calculations needed for determining pinch temperatures and minimum utility requirements are simple and can be done manually in case of a small number of streams. However, in real‐scale industrial problems, the calculation can become tedious and very much time‐consuming. A generalized low‐cost and user‐friendly scheme for pinch design using MATLAB is proposed. This scheme is tested for several problems for accuracy and robustness to determine hot pinch temperature, cold pinch temperature, minimum cooling load, and minimum heating load using the temperature interval method. The solutions developed by the proposed scheme are mirror images of solutions found by applying a rigorous procedure. 相似文献
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Venkata Alekhya Madiraju Kshitij Taneja Manoj Kumar Raghunandan Seelaboyina 《Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics》2016,27(4):3152-3157
Copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS), a p-type semiconductor composed of non-toxic earth abundant elements, is a promising material for absorber layer application in thin film solar photovoltaics. The present work describes a relatively faster and reliable microwave irradiation technique to prepare CZTS powder in aqueous media. The CZTS phase of the as-synthesized powder was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Optical properties i.e. band gap determined from Tauc plot of the optical absorption spectrum measured by UV–Vis spectroscopy was 1.27 eV, which is suitable for absorbing the solar radiation. The particle morphology studied under SEM and TEM analysis was found to be a 3D flower-like nanostructure formed from 2D layers of CZTS crystals. Further, the most probable mechanism for the formation of CZTS phase is explained. 相似文献
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The research output of India in computer science during 1999?C2008 is analyzed in this paper on several parameters including total research output, its growth, rank and global publication share, citation impact, share of international collaborative papers and major collaborative partner countries and patterns of research communication in most productive journals. It also analyses the characteristics of most productive institutions, authors and high-cited papers. The publications output and impact of India is also compared with China, South Korea, Taiwan and Brazil. 相似文献
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IM-ELPR: Influence maximization in social networks using label propagation based community structure
Kumar Sanjay Singhla Lakshay Jindal Kshitij Grover Khyati Panda B. S. 《Applied Intelligence》2021,51(11):7647-7665
Applied Intelligence - The popularity of social networks has grown manifolds in recent years because of various activities like fast propagation of ideas, publicity, and news. Influence... 相似文献
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In contrast to integration, the differentiation of a function is an ill-conditioned process, if only an oracle is available for its pointwise evaluation. That is, unrelated small variations in the value of the composite function are allowed at nearly identical arguments. In contrast, we show here that, if the function is defined by an evaluation procedure as a composition of arithmetic operations and elementary functions, then automatic, or algorithmic differentiation is backward stable in the sense of Wilkinson. More specifically, the derivative values obtained are exact for a perturbation of the elementary components at the level of the machine precision. We also provide a forward error analysis for both the forward and reverse mode. The theoretical analysis is confirmed by numerical experiments. 相似文献
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Kshitij Sharma Jennifer K. Olsen Vincent Aleven Nikol Rummel 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2021,37(1):51-68
When students are working collaboratively and communicating verbally in a technology-enhanced environment, the system cannot track what collaboration is happening outside of the technology, making it difficult to fully assess the collaboration of the students and adapt accordingly. In this article, we propose using gaze measures as a proxy for cognitive processes to achieve collaboration awareness. Specifically, we use Granger causality to analyse the causal relationships between collaborative and individual gaze measures from students working on a fractions intelligent tutoring system and the influence that the students' dialogue, prior knowledge, or success has on these relationships. We found that collaborative gaze patterns drive the individual focus in the pairs with high posttest scores and when they are engaged in problem-solving dialogues but the opposite with low performing students. Our work adds to the literature by extending the correlational relationships between individual and collaborative gaze measures to causal relationships and suggests indicators that can be used within an adaptive system. 相似文献