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991.
Titanium oxides were reduced to metallic titanium using the liquid calcium floating on the molten CaCl2. A part of Ca dissolved into CaCl2 and reacted with TiO2 settled below CaCl2. The by-product CaO also dissolved by about 20 mol pct into CaCl2, which was effective in reducing the oxygen concentration in the obtained Ti particles. The compositional region in the Ca-CaCl2-CaO system was examined for the less oxygen contamination in Ti and the better handling in leaching. A large amount of the
residual calcium oxidized the titanium powder in leaching. The metallic Ti powder less than 1000 mass ppm oxygen could be
obtained only for 3.6 ks using 5 to 7 mol pct Ca-CaCl2 at 1173 K. The powder was slightly sintered like sponge, and contained approximately 1500 ppm Ca. The anatase phae, the intermediate
product in the refining process of TiO2, could be also supplied as raw material as well as rutile. 相似文献
992.
The corrosion behaviour of nitrogen-containing austenitic stainless steel in methanol containing different concentrations
of H2SO4, HCl, LiCl and H2SO4 + HCl has been investigated using a potentiostatic polarization method. The cathodic reaction in the H2SO4, HCl and H2SO4 + HCl solutions was proton reduction whereas in the neutral LiCl solution, oxygen reduction was the predominant cathodic
reaction. Active, passive and transpassive behaviours were observed only for higher concentrations of H2SO4 (0.01–2.0 M) due to the inherent water content. A cathodic loop, characterized by measured negative current in the anodic
region, was also observed in solutions, in which the concentration of H2SO4 was 1.0 M or higher. The relative stability of the passive films decreased as the H2SO4 concentration increased, and thus the steel suffered from mild pitting corrosion. In the chloride environment, the rate of
corrosion increased as the Cl− ion concentration increased. The presence of acid along with Cl− ions enhanced corrosion, and the corrosion rate increased significantly. The steel suffered from mild intergranular corrosion
in acidic chloride solutions of methanol. In the H2SO4 + HCl solutions, passive films were only formed when the H2SO4 to HCl concentration ratio was greater than ∼10:1. 相似文献
993.
994.
Madden Gregory J.; Begotka Andrea M.; Raiff Bethany R.; Kastern Lana L. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2003,11(2):139
The degree to which real and hypothetical rewards were discounted across delays ranging from 6 hr to 1 year was explored in a within-subjects design. An adjusting-amounts procedure was used to estimate the subjective value of real and hypothetical rewards at each delay. A hyperbolic discounting function provided a significantly better fit to individual participants' preferences than did an exponential function. No significant effect of reward type on degree of hyperbolic discounting or area under the discounting curves was detected. These findings offer some support for the validity of using hypothetical rewards to estimate discounting rates in substance-abusing and other populations, but caution is suggested because this support is gleaned from a failure to detect an effect of reward type. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
995.
The effect of a gas dissolved in a liquid on the variation of the refractive index of the compressed mixture was studied.
The compression process was monitored with the aid of a holographic interferometer. The sensitivity of this method allows
the compressibility of water and the solubility of helium and nitrogen to be studied at pressures below 4 atm. A procedure
for obtaining qualitative and quantitative data on the solubility of gases in liquids is proposed. 相似文献
996.
V. A. Kagadei E. V. Nefyodtsev D. I. Proskurovsky S. V. Romanenko 《Technical Physics Letters》2003,29(11):897-900
Using one-or two-layer films of transition metals, it is possible to determine the atomic hydrogen flux density under reduced
gas pressure conditions (10−1–10−3 Pa). The method consists in monitoring a change in the film resistance caused by selective dissolution of atomic hydrogen
in the metal during exposure of the film in a mixed atomic-molecular flow, followed by determining a characteristic time τ
required for the hydrogen concentration in the film to reach 63% of the maximum possible level. The hydrogen flux density
is then calculated within the framework of a simple mathematical model of the film saturation with hydrogen described by a
relaxation law. The proposed method is characterized by a high selective sensitivity to atomic hydrogen. The atomic hydrogen
flux density in a mixed atomic-molecular flow can be determined in a range from 5×1013 to 1016 cm−2 s−1. 相似文献
997.
Electromechanical properties of the 0-0-2-2 type composite based on platelike crystals of solid solutions of ferroelectric
relaxors of the Pb(A1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 system (A = Zn, Mg) have been studied for the first time. Factors accounting for the record values of some effective parameters
of this composite are considered. The relationship between the components of the elastic compliance tensor of the layered
structures forming the composite and the positions of maxima of the effective hydrostatic parameters is established. 相似文献
998.
The results of experimental investigation of an Er-doped fiber bidirectional ring laser with a 90° Faraday rotator in the cavity are presented. Two theoretically predicted regimes of the bidirectional generation of modes propagating in opposite directions with either complex-conjugate or orthoconjugate polarization states have been realized in practice. In each of these regimes, stable bidirectional generation of only one longitudinal mode propagating in each direction is possible. The former regime ensures significant stabilization of a nonreciprocal frequency shift between the modes propagating in opposite directions, this shift being determined by the Faraday phase rotator. 相似文献
999.
1000.
V. A. Pozdnyakov 《Technical Physics Letters》2003,29(2):151-153
The problem of brittle crack development in a nanocrystalline material has been theoretically studied. Expressions describing
the conditions of crack stability are obtained. 相似文献