Determination of erythema-effective solar radiation in Japan and Germany with a spore monolayer film optimized for the detection of UVB and UVA--results of a field campaign

A centrifugation method was used to investigate the accumulation of 14C-rifampicin by Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and to characterize the mechanism of rifampicin transport into S. aureus. For both species, drug accumulation was rapid with the steady-state concentration (SSC) reached within 40 s of drug exposure. Rifampicin accumulation by S. aureus was temperature and pH dependent; the lower the experimental temperature and the lower the experimental pH, the lower was the concentration of rifampicin accumulated. Accumulation was unaffected by the presence of inhibitors of antibiotic efflux, carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), dinitrophenol (DNP), or reserpine. Exposure to increasing concentrations of rifampicin suggested that the accumulation process was saturable above a rifampicin concentration of 0.2 mg/L. Michaelis-Menten kinetics gave an apparent Km and Vmax for rifampicin, calculated from a Lineweaver-Burk plot, of 0.05 mg/L (0.06 microM) and 3.8 ng rifampicin per second, respectively. However, calculations suggest that these values reflect those for binding of rifampicin to its target, RNA polymerase.     

Quantitation of intrathecal measles virus IgG antibody synthesis rate: subacute sclerosing panencephalitis and multiple sclerosis

A method for quantitating specific anti-viral antibodies in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is established using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Quantitated antibody levels are used to determine intrathecal specific IgG synthesis rate for the particular antibody. Measles virus was used as a model for validating this quantitative technique: a mutated form of measles virus is a cause of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) and there is a possibility that measles virus is related to the cause of multiple sclerosis (MS). Matched serum and CSF samples were assayed. Concentration of anti-measles IgG was determined and intrathecal measles-specific IgG synthesis rate was calculated. For the SSPE samples, measles-specific IgG synthesis rate was elevated and comprised > 20% of the total intrathecal IgG synthesis rate; these results are consistent with the literature. The ELISA method can be performed routinely, providing a quick, simple, reproducible means of quantitating specific antibody concentrations, with sensitivity greater than 1 nanogram per milliliter. With this method, quantitation of IgG antibodies to any other viral antigen can be reliably and precisely determined.     

Cytoplasmic mRNA for human triosephosphate isomerase is immune to nonsense-mediated decay despite forming polysomes

Nonsense codons between position 14 within the first exon and position 193 within the penultimate exon of the human gene for triosephosphate isomerase reduce mRNA abundance to 25% of normal. The reduction in abundance is due to the decay of newly synthesized mRNA that copurifies with nuclei. TPI mRNA that copurifies with cytoplasm is immune to decay. We show here that immunity is not due to the failure of nonsense-containing mRNA to form polysomes. This finding indicates that cytoplasmic mRNA, in contrast to nucleus-associated mRNA, may have lost one or more factors that are required for nonsense-mediated decay or gained one or more factors that confer immunity to nonsense-mediated decay.     

表面贴装过程仿真系统的研究与开发

文章从表面贴装技术(SMT)现状及特点开始,介绍多品种小批量电子产品中使用表面贴装技术存在的问题。针对这一情况对表面贴装过程仿真系统的需求进行了分析,并详细论述了仿真系统的文件预处理、仿真以及数据库维护三大主要模块设计,主要介绍采用OpenGL实现仿真模块的方法,同时展示仿真系统实现结果。最后总结了仿真系统的特点。     

Q390高强抗震钢板残余应力检测方法对比及分析

利用盲孔法、X-Ray法、中子衍射法和超声法对Q390高强抗震板及U形弯曲件进行残余应力检测,并对这4种方法测试得到的应力结果进行分析研究。结果表明,以上4种检测方法均要考虑其特定的检测应用范围,X-Ray法针对钢板表面下微米级深度的微米级晶格尺度范围局部点应力进行检测,中子衍射法可在毫米级尺度局部区域进行应力检测,盲孔法反映的是因毫米尺度钻孔导致的钢板表面孔周边的应力变化,超声法则可以通过连续扫描检测整个钢板残余应力的宏观分布变化。因此,对于工业钢板,超声法测试残余应力更加科学、合理、准确。同时,通过U形试样建立稳定的应力应变场,利用超声设备使用不同参考态对Q390高强抗震板弯曲件及退火弯曲件进行测试,结果表明,测试参考态的选取对应力测试结果影响很大,材料各向异性的影响对应力测试结果不可忽视。     

基于海量搜索历史数据的用户兴趣模型

针对互联网搜索引擎环境中,基于海量搜索历史数据分析用户兴趣的问题,提出一种改进的用户兴趣模型。该模型根据用户搜索的历史数据,结合向量空间模型（ VSM ）和TF-IDF算法,递归地回溯出用户兴趣权重列表。为解决用户兴趣变化和时间性能的问题,该模型引入时间遗忘机制进行动态更新,并在Hadoop分布式系统架构下利用MapReduce分布式编程模型进行实现。实验结果表明,改进的用户兴趣模型的查准率和召回率都能达到50',具有较好的可行性和可用性。     

一种新型可变径管道机器人的结构设计与控制实现

基于ATmega128单片机的管道探测机器人系统,包括硬件系统设计以及软件程序实现。为满足不同工业环境的需要,设计了无线与RS485总线两套通信方案进行人机交互控制系统与单片机的通信。独特的变径结构可以让机器人适应不同管径的管道,配合高效的电池切换算法,可以使其更好的适应工业环境。为了观察管道内部信息,安装了一个可360°旋转的摄像头,将管道内部画面实时传送给上位机。     

一种快速的判别公共向量分类方法

在传统DCV的基础上,提出了一种改进的快速DCV分类方法。该方法与传统的DCV分类方法相比,在保证识别率相同的情况下具有较快的分类速率。传统的DCV分类方法通过计算特征向量之间的距离来进行分类,而所提快速DCV分类方法则通过标量计算完成分类。理论分析及复杂度计算表明,快速DCV分类方法的分类速率是传统DCV分类方法的2倍左右,在Yale、ORL和PIE 3种人脸数据库得到的对比仿真实验结果验证了该算法的有效性。     

一种基于TL494芯片的电动车电机控制器

他励直流电动机驱动系统结构简单、性能可靠、成本低,适合在小型电动车上运行,有效的降低了电动汽车的价格,有利于电动汽车的普及。本文在分析电动车用他励直流电机工作原理的基础上,论述电机驱动系统的整体方案,并设计3KW/36V他励有刷直流电机控制器。该控制器主要通过TL494控制,包括36V铅酸蓄电池欠压保护,控制器的过热保护等功能。经实验证实该控制器达到设计指标,工作稳定可靠,满足电动车的各种运行情况,保护功能完善并具有能量回馈等功能。