关于煤炭硫分分级的探讨

根据国家质量技术监督局的计划安排,国家标准GB／T15224－1994《煤炭质量分级》需要修订。本文主要讨论“煤炭硫分分级”方面的内容。     

烷基环戊酮的Baeyer-Villiger清洁氧化反应

以H2O2为氧化剂,对2-戊基环戊酮进行Baeyer-Villiger清洁氧化,通过对反应条件的研究,得出最佳反应条件为n(H2O)∶n(2-戊基环戊酮)=4∶1,反应温度为50 ℃,溶剂甲醇用量为50 mL.该方法可以减少污染,具有工业应用清洁性.     

碘仿电解合成的工艺研究

开发了一种以石墨为阳极、铅为阴极、采用旋转阳极和离子膜分隔电解槽的碘仿电解合成的先进工艺 ,经过 5因素 4水平的正交试验 ,发现影响电流效率的各工艺因素中 ,阳极电流密度的影响最大 ,其次分别为阳极液温度 ,阳极液 p H值 ,阳极液中碘化钾的浓度和阳极转速。优化得到碘仿电合成的最佳工艺条件为 :碘化钾浓度 2 0 0 g· L- 1 ,阳极电流密度 2 5 A· dm- 2 ,阳极液温度为 2 0℃ ,阳极液 p H值为 9.5,阳极转速为2 0 0 r· min- 1 ,在此最佳工艺条件下 ,电流效率可达 97.2 3%。     

Channel-collapse effect examined with laboratory equipment and by two-dimensional calculation

Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves -     

提高发酵过程乙醇分离效率的新型反应器

设计了一种新型的带侧臂循环的气升式反应器,该反应器可以有效地把真空闪蒸发酵和汽提发酵2项技术结合起来。实验结果表明,与单独的汽提和闪蒸过程相比,利用此反应器进行同步汽提闪蒸操作,大大提高了乙醇的移出效率,从而进一步提高了发酵强度。     

氧化石墨相氮化碳吸附水中U(VI)的性能与机理研究

本试验采用酸刻蚀及氧化处理制备了氧化氮化碳（OCN）纳米材料，探究了OCN对水中U(VI)的吸附-解吸性能。考察了溶液pH，温度，OCN投加量，反应时间U(VI)初始浓度等影响因素对OCN吸附U(VI)的影响，并探讨了吸附机制。试验结果表明，OCN对U(VI)有良好的吸附效果，在pH为5，30℃，U(VI)的初始浓度为10mg/L，OCN的投加量为200mg/L时，OCN对U(VI)吸附率达98.9%，比未改性的石墨相氮化碳(g-C3N4)吸附U(VI)的性能提高了约30%，吸附反应在10min即到达吸附平衡。pH是影响OCN吸附U(VI)的重要影响因素，温度等因素对U(VI)的吸附影响较小。拟二级动力学方程和Langmuir模型很好地拟合了吸附过程，OCN对U(VI)的吸附过程为自发的吸热过程。吸附解吸实验结果表明OCN具有良好的重复利用性，作为一种高性能吸附剂在含U(VI)废水处理方面拥有广阔的应用前景。     

低温溶液直接缩聚法制备浆粕状芳纶纤维

采用低温溶液缩聚法制备浆粕状芳纶纤维 ,且通过均匀设计来安排合成试验 ,采用数据组合法和单纯型寻优法建立了各影响因素与芳纶浆粕纤维特性粘数之间的回归模型 ,优化了合成工艺 ,为进一步研究制备浆粕状芳纶浆粕工艺奠定了基础     

Effect of Quasi-Hydrostatic Compression on the Mechanical Properties of Ceramics in the ZrO2 + 3 MOL.% Y2O3 System

The effect of quasi-hydrostatic compression on the strength of ZrO₂ + 3 mol.% Y₂O₃ ceramic specimens of two series was studied. The series 1 ceramic was a powder commercially available from TOSOH Co. (Japan), with a density of 6.1 g/cm³, and the series 2 ceramic was a powder with a density of 5.9 g/cm³ prepared under laboratory conditions at the IPM Research Institute (National Academy of Sciences, Ukraine). The pressure range was up to 1.2 GPa, and the pressure-transmitting medium was a coarse-grained corundum powder. In the series 1 specimens, the strength increases with pressure over the entire pressure range (from 670 MPa to 1098 MPa at 1.2 GPa); in the series 2 specimens, the strength increases only to a pressure of 0.8 GPa (from 695 MPa to 828 MPa) and then, with further increase in pressure drops sharply to nearly zero (30 MPa at 1.2 GPa). It was proposed that the observed effect might be associated with a martensite transformation in the zone of structural imperfections (discontinuities). On reaching a critical value determined by the strength of the matrix, the martensite transformation becomes a cause of failure of the material.