考虑坡度工况的FCHEV队列分层优化控制策略研究

在面对坡度工况时，如何开发同时兼顾车辆间协同控制与能耗经济性的控制策略是提高交通效率与发挥车辆节能潜力的关键技术之一。以燃料电池混合动力汽车队列为研究对象，以安全行驶及优化能耗为目标，提出了一种基于改进粒子群优化算法与Q学习的燃料电池混合动力汽车队列分层优化控制策略。该策略中上层控制器在保证满足与前车距离或速度限制等安全约束的前提下，利用改进的粒子群优化算法获取节能速度轨迹，并使用模型预测控制框架实时调整主车速度遵循节能速度轨迹行驶。下层控制器根据上层求解的车速和需求功率等信息建立Q学习控制器，实现燃料电池混合动力汽车动力电池与燃料电池之间的最优能量分配。仿真结果表明，本文所提出的分层控制策略在坡度工况下，表现出良好的跟踪性能和安全性能，且优化结果与动态规划策略相似，表明该策略的能耗经济性及可行性。     

酶标抗原直接竞争ELISA检测食品中氟喹诺酮类药物多残留

固相包被恩诺沙星抗体,辣根过氧化物酶标记的抗原与标准品（或样品）中氟喹诺酮药物竞争结合抗体,建立了高效、高灵敏的氟喹诺酮药物直接竞争酶联免疫吸附分析检测方法。优化反应条件后,得到方法的IC50为2.04 μg/L,灵敏度为0.15 μg/L,线性范围0.3～15 μg/L;方法可以检测12 种氟喹诺酮药物,在生乳、鸡肉、鱼肉和虾肉4 种样品中12 种药物的回收率为70%～121.5%。     

Using PacBio sequencing to investigate the bacterial microbiota of traditional Buryatian cottage cheese and comparison with Italian and Kazakhstan artisanal cheeses

Traditional fermented dairy foods including cottage cheese have been major components of the Buryatia diet for centuries. Buryatian cheeses have maintained not only their unique taste and flavor but also their rich natural lactic acid bacteria (LAB) content. However, relatively few studies have described their microbial communities or explored their potential to serve as LAB resources. In this study, the bacterial microbiota community of 7 traditional artisan cheeses produced by local Buryatian families was investigated using single-molecule, real-time sequencing. In addition, we compared the bacterial microbiota of the Buryatian cheese samples with data sets of cheeses from Kazakhstan and Italy. Furthermore, we isolated and preserved several LAB samples from Buryatian cheese. A total of 62 LAB strains (belonging to 6 genera and 14 species or subspecies) were isolated from 7 samples of Buryatian cheese. Full-length 16S rRNA sequencing of the microbiota revealed 145 species of 82 bacterial genera, belonging to 7 phyla. The most dominant species was Lactococcus lactis (43.89%). Data sets of cheeses from Italy and Kazakhstan were retrieved from public databases. Principal component analysis and multivariate ANOVA showed marked differences in the structure of the microbiota communities in the cheese data sets from the 3 regions. Linear discriminant analyses of the effect size identified 48 discriminant bacterial clades among the 3 groups, which might have contributed to the observed structural differences. Our results indicate that the bacterial communities of traditional artisan cheeses vary depending on geographic origin. In addition, we isolated novel and valuable LAB resources for the improvement of cottage cheese production.     

用语音实时报告位置信息的系统设计与实现

本文介绍的用语音来实时报告位置信息的系统的设计和实现,是基于语音播报技术、无线通信网络技术和GPS定位技术,能很好解决普通用户移动定位需求的一种方法,它同现有移动定位技术的最大不同在于它有更强的兼容性和更大的普及性,特别适用于广播电视、电力等领域的基站建设、线路建设与维护等。     

鄂尔多斯盆地西部奥陶系乌拉力克组页岩微观孔隙结构特征

采用氩离子抛光场发射扫描电镜观察、X射线衍射分析、氦气孔隙度测定、低温氮气吸附-脱附等实验手段,联合FHH分形理论模型,从多角度表征了鄂尔多斯盆地西部奥陶系乌拉力克组不同类型页岩的微观孔隙结构特征。研究结果表明：①研究区矿物成分复杂,黏土矿物含量较稳定,脆性矿物含量高、变化范围较大,可分为3类岩相类型,自下而上依次为硅质页岩岩相、混合页岩岩相和钙质页岩岩相。②研究区孔隙度整体较低,主要为0.16%～1.50%,平均1.20%,微裂缝发育造成少量孔隙度大于4.00%,硅质页岩孔隙度最大,钙质页岩孔隙度最小,混合页岩孔隙度介于二者之间;孔隙类型复杂且与岩相密切相关,钙质页岩整体致密,多为晶间孔、溶蚀孔,以狭缝状孔隙为主;硅质页岩孔隙相对发育,多为粒间孔、黏土矿物层间缝和微裂缝,以平板状开放孔隙为主,偶见“细颈广体”的墨水瓶式的无定形孔隙。③研究区孔隙结构可划分为3类,Ⅰ类以2～4 nm的介孔为主,中孔、宏孔均较发育,孔隙体积大,在硅质页岩中常见;Ⅱ类以0～4 nm的微孔、介孔为主,宏孔发育较少,在硅质页岩和混合页岩中常见;Ⅲ类以50～100 nm的宏孔为主,但体积小,在钙质页岩中常见。④研究区页岩微观孔隙结构具有明显的分形特征,内部结构复杂,非均质性强;TOC、黏土矿物和石英的含量越高,孔隙结构和孔隙表面越复杂。⑤研究区硅质页岩储层孔隙结构最好且有机质富集,是最有利的勘探目标。     

基于不对称运行下换相过程的改进换流器动态相量模型

为充分研究大规模交直流混联系统动态特性,建立准确而高效的换流器数学模型是当前的关键问题。文章分析了交流系统在不对称故障情况换流器的换相过程,综合考虑了换相电压的相位偏移引起的换相电压过零点偏移和导通角偏移,以及交流系统的谐波等对换相持续时间的影响,提出了改进的换相角动态相量计算方法,建立了适用于不对称运行条件下的改进换流器动态相量模型,并通过选取主要谐波简化了模型的计算过程。仿真验证了所提出的改进换流器动态相量模型的精度和准确性。     

5种不同纯度藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化特性

为深入探讨藻蓝蛋白中起抗氧化作用的基团,本实验采用铁离子总还原能力法、2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)（2,2’-azino-bis(3ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid),ABTS）阳离子自由基法、邻苯三酚自氧化法、氧自由基吸收能力法测定5 种不同藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化活性并分析其抗氧化活性与蛋白质量浓度、色基含量和藻蓝蛋白纯度的关系。结果表明,在铁离子总还原能力、ABTS阳离子自由基等以电子转移为主的抗氧化体系中,藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化活性与蛋白质量浓度呈正相关,说明在上述两种体系中,藻蓝蛋白中起抗氧化作用的主要基团是蛋白质;在邻苯三酚自氧化的活性氧体系中,藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化活性与蛋白质量浓度呈正相关,与色基含量呈负相关,表明在该体系中,藻蓝蛋白中发挥抗氧化作用的基团是蛋白质;在氧自由基吸收能力基于氢原子转移的抗氧化体系中,藻蓝蛋白的抗氧化活性与色基及纯度呈正相关,说明在该体系中,色基是藻蓝蛋白发挥抗氧化作用的主要基团。     

老白干大曲中酿酒酵母Y1发酵特性的研究

该研究对来自老白干大曲的酿酒酵母Y1菌株的发酵特性进行了探讨,结果表明Y1菌株的最适发酵温度为29℃,最佳培养基是高梁汁培养基,最适宜接种量为3％,最佳培养时间为72h.正交试验结果显示,菌株Y1在最佳发酵工艺条件下,其发酵液酒精含量达到8.1 ％vol.进一步的研究证明,Y1菌株发酵液中乙酸乙酯含量为6.90mg/L、乳酸乙酯含量为5.30mg/L、异戊醇含量为206.70mg/L.综上可知,该菌株符合白酒企业对酿酒酵母的需求.     

基于麦草废渣模型颗粒燃料的构建探究制浆废液对颗粒燃料性能的影响

分别以麦草废渣、纤维素/半纤维素为原料,掺杂制浆废液,通过直接压缩成形,制备了生物质颗粒燃料及其模型物,并对生物质颗粒燃料的物理性能和燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,制浆废液中因含有木质素、糖类等有机成分而具有较好的黏结性,能够提高颗粒燃料的物理性能。由固含量4.29%的制浆废液制备的模型颗粒燃料,横向抗压强度和燃烧热值最高值分别为128.28 MPa和16 806.4 J/g,明显高于由水制备的颗粒燃料,但该模型燃料的综合燃烧特性指数降低为1.69×10^-9%²/(min²·℃³)。     

Fast Expandable Chitosan-Fibers Cryogel from Ambient Drying for Noncompressible Bleeding Control and In Situ Tissue Regeneration

Hemorrhage control, especially noncompressible wound hemostasis, is a tremendous challenge in military injuries and other traumas worldwide. Here, a cryogelation strategy and subsequent solvent exchange are developed for the hydrogen bond-induced self-assembly of chitosan fibers and the production of fast expandable chitosan cryogel. Importantly, the ambient drying process facilitates the repeatable deformation performance of the shape-memory cryogel with a response time of ≈1.7 s. Due to the capillary-like structure of the cryogel and high hydrophilicity, rapid shape recovery is accompanied by 41 times water absorption ability. It is further demonstrated that chitosan cryogel is beneficial for in situ tissue regeneration by taking advantage of the biodegradability and biocompatibility of chitosan. Thus, chitosan cryogels prepared by this simple and benign method should have efficient hemostatic effect on noncompressible bleeding and severe fatal high-pressure hemorrhage.