Vigilance performance as a function of interpolated rest.

2 experiments were performed on the effects of interpolated rest upon monitoring performance at both high and low signal rates. Experiment I employed 2 groups of 20 Ss each; Experiment II employed 2 groups of 10 Ss each. One group of Ss worked on a light monitoring task for 3 30-min. periods separated by 10-min. rest periods. The 2nd group worked continuously for 90 min. on the same task. Experiment I employed 24 signals/hr.; Experiment II employed 6 signals/hr. The results indicated a highly significant facilitation of detection performance as a result of interpolated rest at both signal rates and demonstrate the effectiveness of relatively brief rest intervals in maintaining high performance even with low signal rates. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The importance of angiotensin II formation in the CNS in angiostensin I - elicited thirst

The drinking response produced by direct injection of angiotensin I and II into the brain of the rat, was studied, using the angiotensin blocking agents SQ-20,881 (SQ) and P-113 (Saralasin). SQ inhibits angiotensin converting enzyme, preventing formation of angiotensin II, while P-113 is an analogue and competitive inhibitor of angiotensin II. SQ blocked central angiotensin I drinking, but only when the enzyme inhibitor was injected into the ventricle. Angiotensin II induced thirst was not blocked by SQ. P-113 inhibited angiotensin I and II drinking responses in both the preoptic area of the hypothalamus and the lateral ventricle. These data indicate that conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II is important in angiotensin-induced drinking, although an independent action of angiotensin I on drinking can not be ruled out at this time.     

Die einzelnen Lebensmittel (Chemie, Technologie, Analytik)

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Comparison of hypothetical LNG and fuel oil fires on water

Large spills of refined petroleum products have been an occasional occurrence over the past few decades. This has not been true for large spills of liquefied natural gas (LNG). This paper compares the likely similarities and differences between accidental releases from a ship of sizable quantities of these different hydrocarbon fuels, their subsequent spreading, and possible pool-fire behavior. Quantitative estimates are made of the spread rate and maximum slick size, burn rate, and duration; effective thermal radiation; and subsequent soot generation.     

Cutting edge: chronic intestinal inflammation in STAT-4 transgenic mice: characterization of disease and adoptive transfer by TNF- plus IFN-gamma-producing CD4+ T cells that respond to bacterial antigens

We generated transgenic mice for STAT-4, a regulatory protein specifically associated with IL-12 signaling, under the control of a CMV promoter. These mice expressed strikingly increased nuclear STAT-4 levels in lamina propria CD4+ T lymphocytes upon systemic administration of dinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet hemocyanin and developed chronic transmural colitis characterized by infiltrates of mainly CD4+ T lymphocytes. The latter cells produced predominantly TNF and IFN-gamma but not IL-4 upon activation with alphaCD3/CD28 or autologous bacterial Ags, consistent with a Th1-type cell response. Furthermore, chronic colitis in STAT-4 transgenic mice could be adoptively transferred to SCID mice by colonic and splenic CD4+ T cells that were activated with Ags from autologous bacterial flora. These data establish a critical molecular signaling pathway involving STAT-4 for the pathogenesis of chronic intestinal inflammation, and targeting of this pathway may be relevant for the treatment of colitis in humans.     

Spannungsverteilung in Federn

Zusammenfassung Zur Ermittlung der Spannungsverteilung wurden Dehnungsmessungen an Federn verschiedener Bauart durchgeführt. Ihr Ergebnis wird mit dem aus der Rechnung gefundenen verglichen. VDI     

Accuracy of hydrostatic pressure measurement with a disposable dome transducer system

The Gould-Statham P23id transducer with disposable dome was tested for accuracy between 0 and 20 mm Hg. With a criterion of +/- 2 mm Hg, 16 per cent of 74 systems failed. Inaccuracies were relatively large (SD, 6.02 mm Hg). The source of the unreliable measurements was poor sealing between the membrane of the disposable dome and the transducer diaphragm.     

Finite element models of thoracic conductive anatomy: sensitivityto changes in inhomogeneity and anisotropy

A moderately detailed 3-D finite element model of the conductive anatomy of a canine thorax was used to examine the sensitivity of the results obtained during simulated transthoracic defibrillation to variations in skeletal muscle anisotropy and differing degrees of model inhomogeneity. The authors results suggest that the myocardial current density distribution is not particularly sensitive to the method used to model skeletal muscle anisotropy. However, anisotropy variations caused defibrillation parameters such as paddle to paddle impedance and threshold current to change by as much as 50%. The authors found a greater sensitivity in the myocardial current density and the defibrillation parameters to variations in model inhomogeneity. The changes observed in both depended substantially on paddle placement. This sensitivity to paddle placement highlights the difficulty in predicting how a reduction in anatomical detail will affect the myocardial current density distribution. In general, the authors found the defibrillation parameters to be more sensitive than the myocardial current density distribution to the variations in anatomical detail they examined