A new and original microwave continuous reactor under high pressure for future chemistry

A new and original high pressure reactor has been designed and developed for continuous flow chemistry under microwaves at industrial scale. The reactor originality is that the microwave applicator is the reactor itself. It allows then the use of metallic and thick walls for the reactor adapted to a use at high pressures and high temperatures. Wave propagation coupled to heat transfer was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics® and the design was optimized to minimize wave reflections and maximize energy transfers in the reacting medium. This leads to extremely good energy yields. Experiments confirm that the microwave energy is fully absorbed by the reacting medium. The reactor allows continuous chemical reactions at a kg/h scale, under microwave heating, up to 7 MPa and 200°C. The double dehydration of hexylene glycol has been performed under various operating conditions demonstrating then the operability of this new reactor. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 192–199, 2017     

The effects of H2-O2-plasma treatment on thecharacteristics of polysilicon thin-film transistors

The effects of H₂-plasma followed by O₂-plasma treatment on n-channel polysilicon thin-film transistors (TFTs) were investigated. It was found that the H₂-O₂-plasma treatment is more effective in passivating the trap states of polysilicon films than the H₂-plasma or O₂-plasma treatment only. Hence, it is more effective in improving the device performance with regard to subthreshold swing, carrier mobility, and the current ON/OFF ratio. It is also found that thermal annealing of plasma-treated devices increases the deep states but has no effect on the tail states of the devices     

Thermophysical Properties of Electrically Conductive SiC–(Nb,Ti–C)<Subscript>ss</Subscript>-Based Cermets

Multifunctional cermets are being developed for a range of novel applications. The present paper deals with thermophysical properties of electrically conductive SiC-based cermets. The cermets were prepared by in situ reaction using a two-step sintering process. The thermophysical properties, namely, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and heat capacity, were measured using the pulse transient technique. The microstructure and chemical composition of the samples were characterized by SEM (scanning electron microscopy), TEM (transmission electron microscopy), STEM (scanning transmission electron microscopy), and EDX (energy dispersive X-ray analysis) techniques. The observed thermophysical data were correlated with the observed microstructures and chemical nature of the SiC-based cermets.     

A Basis for Analyzing Software Architecture Analysis Methods

A software architecture is a key asset for any organization that builds complex software-intensive systems. Because of an architecture's central role as a project blueprint, organizations should analyze the architecture before committing resources to it. An analysis helps to ensure that sound architectural decisions are made. Over the past decade a large number of architecture analysis methods have been created, and at least two surveys of these methods have been published. This paper examines the criteria for analyzing architecture analysis methods, and suggests a new set of criteria that focus on the essence of what it means to be an architecture analysis method. These criteria could be used to compare methods, to help understand the suitability of a method, or to improve a method. We then examine two methods—the Architecture Tradeoff Analysis Method and Architecture-level Modifiability Analysis—in light of these criteria, and provide some insight into how these methods can be improved. Rick Kazman is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at the Software Engineering Institute of Carnegie Mellon University and Professor at the University of Hawaii. His primary research interests are software architecture, design and analysis tools, software visualization, and software engineering economics. He also has interests in human-computer interaction and information retrieval. Kazman has created several highly influential methods and tools for architecture analysis, including the SAAM and the ATAM. He is the author of over 80 papers, and co-author of several books, including “Software Architecture in Practice”, and “Evaluating Software Architectures: Methods and Case Studies”. Len Bass is a Senior Member of the Technical Staff at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). He has written two award winning books in software architecture as well as several other books and numerous papers in a wide variety of areas of computer science and software engineering. He is currently working on techniques for the methodical design of software architectures and to understand how to support usability through software architecture. He has been involved in the development of numerous different production or research software systems ranging from operating systems to database management systems to automotive systems. Mark Klein is Senior Member of the Technical Staff of the Software Engineering Institute. He has over 20 years of experience in research on various facets of software engineering, dependable real-time systems and numerical methods. Klein's most recent work focuses on the analysis of software architectures, architecture tradeoff analysis, attribute-driven architectural design and scheduling theory. Klein's work in real-time systems involved the development of rate monotonic analysis (RMA), the extension of the theoretical basis for RMA, and its application to realistic systems. Klein's earliest work involved research in high-order finite element methods for solving fluid flow equations arising in oil reservoir simulation. He is the co-author two books: “A Practitioner's Handbook for Real-Time Analysis: Guide to Rate Monotonic Analysis for Real-Time Systems” and “Evaluating Software Architecture: Methods and Case Studies”. Anthony J. Lattanze is an Associate Teaching Professor at the Institute for Software Research International (ISRI) at Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) and a senior member of the technical staff at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI). Anthony teaches courses in CMUs Masters of Software Engineering Program in Software Architecture, Real-Time/Embedded Systems, and Software Development Studio. His primary research interest is in the area software architectural design for embedded, software intensive systems. Anthony consults and teaches throughout industry in the areas of software architecture design and architecture evaluation. Prior to Carnegie Mellon, Mr. Lattanze was the Chief of Software Engineering for the Technology Development Group at the United States Flight Test Center at Edwards Air Force Base, CA. During his tenure at the Flight Test Center, he was involved with a number of software and systems engineering projects as a software and systems architect, project manager, and developer. During this time as he was involved with the development, test, and evaluation of avionics systems for the B-2 Stealth Bomber, F-117 Stealth Fighter, and F-22 Advanced Tactical Fighter among other systems. Linda Northrop is the director of the Product Line Systems Program at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) where she leads the SEI work in software architecture, software product lines and predictable component engineering. Under her leadership the SEI has developed software architecture and product line methods that are used worldwide, a series of five highly-acclaimed books, and Software Architecture and Software Product Line Curricula. She is co-author of the book, “Software Product Lines: Practices and Patterns,” and a primary author of the SEI Framework for Software Product Line Practice.     

Analysis of Application of the IDDQ Technique to the Deep Sub-Micron VLSI Testing

In this work, IDDQ current for the deep sub-micron VLSI in year 2011 is estimated with a statistical approach according to the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors 1999 Edition considering process variations and different input vectors. The estimated results show that the standard deviation of the IDDQ current is proportional to the square root of the circuit size and the IDDQ currents of the defect-free and the defective devices, which are of the size up to 1 × 10⁷ gates, are still differentiable under the condition of random process deviations and input vectors. Two new IDDQ testing schemes, which detect the defective current based on the two separate IDDQ distributions, are proposed. From the study, it is concluded that IDDQ testing is still applicable for the deep sub-micron VLSI for the next ten years.     

Development of risk filter and risk assessment worksheets for HSE guidance--'Upper Limb Disorders in the Workplace' 2002

Upper limb disorders (ULDs) in the workplace represent a significant cause of ill health in Great Britain. As part of the Health and Safety Commission's strategy for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), the well known guidance document on ULDs--"Work-related Upper Limb Disorders: a Guide to Prevention" (HSG60), (HMSO, London.), has been extensively revised. This revision (Upper limb disorders in the workplace. HSG60 (rev), HSE Books, Sudbury.) includes the development of new risk assessment tools that can be used by employers to identify ULD risk factors in work activities and more importantly to take action to reduce or eliminate ULD risks. The risk assessment tools form part of a seven stage management approach that underpins the new guidance. This paper outlines the development of the risk assessment tools contained in the revised guidance.     

真丝／涤纶交织物的练染技术探讨

以真丝电力纺、涤丝纺和真丝／涤纶交织织物为研究对象,重点探讨了先高温高压练染、再常温套染的工艺条件及技术问题。