PVP-assisted Sn-Ti microspheres for the efficient B–V oxidation of cyclohexanone

Journal of Porous Materials - New Sn-Ti microspheres were first successfully synthesized by a PVP-assisted sol-gel method in this paper, and their performance in the B–V oxidation of...     

Thermal cross-linking and anti-meltdrop properties of copolyester containing phosphorus/magnesium salt composites by in situ polymerization

Polyester is widely used in household products because of its good mechanical properties and wears resistance, but polyester is easy to ignite and inclined to produce droplet, so its application range is limited. The cross-linkable magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles were incorporated into flame-retardant polyester, which enables the phosphorus-containing copolyester with thermal cross-linking and anti-meltdrop properties. The nanoparticles were achieved by in situ polymerization and acted as a nucleating agent for improving the crystalline properties of the copolyester. Furthermore, the nanoparticles also enhanced anti-meltdrop properties and reduced the heat and gas release during the combustion process of the copolyester. The maximum heat release rate and total smoke release reduced by 39.8% and 74.4% compared with pure polyester. Specifically, the combustion products of the nanoparticles and phosphorus flame retardant could act a barrier role by covering the carbon layer to isolate air and heat, thereby resulting in excellent anti-meltdrop properties. The simple modification method reported here realizes the collaborative modification of flame retardant and anti-meltdrop properties of phosphorous flame-retardant copolyesters by thermal cross-linking.     

Ammonium Accumulation Caused by Reduced Tonoplast V-ATPase Activity in Arabidopsis thaliana

Plant vacuoles are unique compartments that play a critical role in plant growth and development. The vacuolar H⁺-ATPase (V-ATPase), together with the vacuolar H⁺-pyrophosphatase (V-PPase), generates the proton motive force that regulates multiple cell functions and impacts all aspects of plant life. We investigated the effect of V-ATPase activity in the vacuole on plant growth and development. We used an Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. double mutant, vha-a2 vha-a3, which lacks two tonoplast-localized isoforms of the membrane-integral V-ATPase subunit VHA-a. The mutant is viable but exhibits impaired growth and leaf chlorosis. Nitrate assimilation led to excessive ammonium accumulation in the shoot and lower nitrogen uptake, which exacerbated growth retardation of vha-a2 vha-a3. Ion homeostasis was disturbed in plants with missing VHA-a2 and VHA-a3 genes, which might be related to limited growth. The reduced growth and excessive ammonium accumulation of the double mutant was alleviated by potassium supplementation. Our results demonstrate that plants lacking the two tonoplast-localized subunits of V-ATPase can be viable, although with defective growth caused by multiple factors, which can be alleviated by adding potassium. This study provided a new insight into the relationship between V-ATPase, growth, and ammonium accumulation, and revealed the role of potassium in mitigating ammonium toxicity.     

Annexin 1 Is a Component of eATP-Induced Cytosolic Calcium Elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots

Extracellular ATP (eATP) has long been established in animals as an important signalling molecule but this is less understood in plants. The identification of Arabidopsis thaliana DORN1 (Does Not Respond to Nucleotides) as the first plant eATP receptor has shown that it is fundamental to the elevation of cytosolic free Ca²⁺ ([Ca²⁺]_cyt) as a possible second messenger. eATP causes other downstream responses such as increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, plus changes in gene expression. The plasma membrane Ca²⁺ influx channels involved in eATP-induced [Ca²⁺]_cyt increase remain unknown at the genetic level. Arabidopsis thaliana Annexin 1 has been found to mediate ROS-activated Ca²⁺ influx in root epidermis, consistent with its operating as a transport pathway. In this study, the loss of function Annexin 1 mutant was found to have impaired [Ca²⁺]_cyt elevation in roots in response to eATP or eADP. Additionally, this annexin was implicated in modulating eATP-induced intracellular ROS accumulation in roots as well as expression of eATP-responsive genes.     

Treatment of Oxidative Stress with Exosomes in Myocardial Ischemia

A thrombus in a coronary artery causes ischemia, which eventually leads to myocardial infarction (MI) if not removed. However, removal generates reactive oxygen species (ROS), which causes ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury that damages the tissue and exacerbates the resulting MI. The mechanism of I/R injury is currently extensively understood. However, supplementation of exogenous antioxidants is ineffective against oxidative stress (OS). Enhancing the ability of endogenous antioxidants may be a more effective way to treat OS, and exosomes may play a role as targeted carriers. Exosomes are nanosized vesicles wrapped in biofilms which contain various complex RNAs and proteins. They are important intermediate carriers of intercellular communication and material exchange. In recent years, diagnosis and treatment with exosomes in cardiovascular diseases have gained considerable attention. Herein, we review the new findings of exosomes in the regulation of OS in coronary heart disease, discuss the possibility of exosomes as carriers for the targeted regulation of endogenous ROS generation, and compare the advantages of exosome therapy with those of stem-cell therapy. Finally, we explore several miRNAs found in exosomes against OS.     

Equivalent model of multi-type distributed generators under faults with fast-iterative calculation method based on improved PSO algorithm

There are various types of distributed generators (DGs) with diferent grid integration strategies. The transient char? acteristics of the fault currents provided by the DGs are diferent to those of conventional synchronous generators. In this paper, a distribution network with multi-type DGs is investigated, including consideration of DG low-voltage ride through (LVRT). The fault current characteristics of two typical DGs, i.e. an inverter-interfaced distributed generator (IIDG) and a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG), are analyzed, considering the specifc operation modes. Based on analysis of the fault characteristics, an equivalent model of the multi-type DGs under symmetrical/asymmetrical fault conditions is established. A fast-iterative fault calculation method for enhancing the calculation efciency while avoid? ing local convergence is then proposed using an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. A simula? tion system of the distribution network with multi-type DGs is established in PSCAD/EMTDC. The simulation results validate the high accuracy and calculation efciency of the proposed calculation method of the fault components. This can assist in the settings of the protection threshold.     

四种碳源条件下城市污水处理厂尾水深度脱氮的性能与微生物种群结构

城市污水处理厂出水符合一级A排放标准,其中含有的硝酸盐氮仍可能引起敏感水域水质恶化,故仍需进一步开发尾水深度脱氮技术.研究采用乙酸钠、葡萄糖、甲醇、乙醇4种碳源作为外加碳源,探究序批式反应器(sequencing batch reactor,SBR)悬浮污泥系统进行城市污水厂尾水深度脱氮的可行性.试验结果表明:在进水硝酸盐质量浓度约为15 mg/L、硝酸盐氮容积负荷率为0.03 kg/(m3·d)的条件下,分别投加4种不同的碳源,SBR均能达到97.80％以上的NOx--N去除率,出水ρ(NOx--N)<1 mg/L.4个系统实现稳定深度脱氮所需的COD/ρ(N)分别为5、12、6和7,对应去除1 g NOx--N的碳源量分别为7.35、12.00、4.00和3.37 g,其中乙醇为碳源时投加量最低而葡萄糖为碳源时最高.使用原位全周期方法测得的4个系统平均氮去除速率分别为0.72、0.19、0.32和0.73 kg/(m3·d),其中乙醇和乙酸钠为碳源时反应速率最高而葡萄糖为碳源时最低.碳源种类对微生物种群组成具有显著影响.经过78 d的培养之后,乙酸钠和葡萄糖系统污泥与接种污泥相比种群结构简单,乙酸钠为碳源时微生物以Firmicutes门为主(94％),葡萄糖为碳源时微生物以Actinobacteria门(45％)和Patescibacteria门(44％)为主.与之相反,甲醇、乙醇系统中微生物种群的多样性比起种泥有所上升.     

Graph-Based Dimensionality Reduction for Hyperspectral Imagery: A Review

Hyperspectral image(HSI) contains a wealth of spectral information, which makes fine classification of ground objects possible. In the meanwhile, overly redundant information in HSI brings many challenges. Specifically, the lack of training samples and the high computational cost are the inevitable obstacles in the design of classifier. In order to solve these problems, dimensionality reduction is usually adopted. Recently, graph-based dimensionality reduction has become a hot topic. In this paper, the graph-based methods for HSI dimensionality reduction are summarized from the following aspects. 1) The traditional graph-based methods employ Euclidean distance to explore the local information of samples in spectral feature space. 2) The dimensionality-reduction methods based on sparse or collaborative representation regard the sparse or collaborative coefficients as graph weights to effectively reduce reconstruction errors and represent most important information of HSI in the dictionary. 3) Improved methods based on sparse or collaborative graph have made great progress by considering global low-rank information, local intra-class information and spatial information. In order to compare typical techniques, three real HSI datasets were used to carry out relevant experiments, and then the experimental results were analysed and discussed.Finally, the future development of this research field is prospected.     

Fully Developed Turbulence of Power-Law Fluids in Circular Pipe Based on Large Eddy Simulation

幂律流体圆管湍流的大涡模拟

王淑彦^1,2, 李淼¹, 王树青³, 李好婷¹, 陈羽佳¹, 马一玫¹, 孙启冀¹

（1.东北石油大学 石油工程学院, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;

2.提高采收率教育部重点实验室（东北石油大学）, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;

3.中国石油大庆油田股份有限公司第四采油厂, 黑龙江 大庆 163511）

摘 要：本文采用动态亚格子模型,对幂律流体在圆管内的充分发展湍流流动进行了大涡模拟（LES）,得到了不同幂律指数下的湍流流动信息。文中分析了平均轴向速度、脉动速度均方根和雷诺应力等随着幂律指数增加的变化趋势,得出随着幂律指数的增加对数区的平均轴向速度减小,脉动速度均方根和雷诺应力的值增大,模拟结果表明剪切稀化流体比剪切稠化流体的非牛顿特征更明显。同时对湍流流动的高阶统计量（偏斜因子和平坦因子）进行了分析,结果表明随着幂律指数的减小,轴向脉动的偏斜因子和平坦因子在近壁面区增大,随着幂律指数的减小轴向脉动的间歇性和非对称性更强。不同幂律指数下的湍流流动变化明显,进一步说明了幂律指数对幂律流体的湍流流动有重要影响。模拟结果与直接数值模拟结果吻合较好,证实了大涡模拟可以用来预测较大雷诺数情况下幂律流体流动的湍流特性。

关键词：大涡模拟;幂律流体;充分发展湍流

     

基于数据挖掘的底水油藏开发预测新方法

底水油藏开发过程中受强底水、油柱高度低、地层原油黏度大、隔夹层分布复杂等因素影响,导致单井开发效果差异大。为解决目前常规方法所存在的多因素数据分析量大、应用局限性大等缺点,提出基于BP神经网络数据挖掘算法的底水油藏水平井可采储量预测新方法,通过数模机理模型分析了该方法的可靠性。针对底水油藏静动态资料,充分挖掘隐含其中的有效信息,在完成基础数据集建立的基础上,构建了基于数据驱动的底水油藏可采储量预测模型。实际应用结果表明,该方法实现了底水油藏水平井开发的影响因素和技术参数界限的定量分析,可采储量预测最大误差低于8%,拟合效果较好,可进一步应用于底水油藏水平井生产动态、开发界限、井位设计等方面。