MODELING AND MEASUREMENTS OF INFRARED DRYERS FOR COATED PAPER

We have developed models to determine the radiative heat transfer of infrared dryers. Using the models, the efficiencies of several IR constructions are calculated. The radiation properties of all parts of the IR dryer are measured with an IT-IR spectrometer using integrating sphere techniques. With these models and measured results, the total efficiencies of several dryer constructions are calculated for: an electric dryer with a pambolic mirror, an elecmc dryer with a flat ceramic mirror, and a gas-fired dryer. The effect of a back reflector on these dryers is also calculated. The efficiencies of all these dryers are compared to each other.     

Multiple scattering by the iterative Foldy-Lax scheme

The Foldy-Lax multiple-scattering equations in matrix form were examined for their suitability for solving the phase function and degree of linear polarization of clusters of particles as a complementary approach to the superposition T-matrix scheme. The constituent particles used for verification against the latter method were spheres with size parameters close to unity, with their aggregation governed by generalized Brownian motion. The number of constituents can be enlarged beyond the limitations of the benchmark method by a relatively small sacrifice in accuracy, but increasing constituent size and introducing nonsphericity easily result in numerical noise and overwhelming computational effort unless a large amount of the accuracy is going to be traded off.     

Active Mixers for Direct Conversion Receivers with 0.35-μm BiCMOS

In this paper, the design requirements of different mixers for direct conversion receivers are discussed. Special attention has been paid into the detection of amplitude-modulated RF signal envelope. Three active mixers have been implemented to investigate the discussed requirements by using a 0.35-m, 25-GHz BiCMOS technology. The same process allows an objective comparison between the different topologies. The mixers are designed for a single 2.7 V supply, and specified for low power consumption. Different topologies are compared by their spurious free dynamic ranges (SFDR) with respect to their individual power consumption. Also, their performance were measured at different LO power levels and supply voltages. The results show insignificant differences between the topologies in low voltage applications.     

Kinematically consistent unsteady aerodynamic coefficients in supersonic flow

A finite element method to determine unsteady aerodynamic influence coefficients, consistent with the stiffness and inertia properties of a lifting surface in supersonic flow, is described. This is basically a kinematic method, which reduces the dynamical equations of a non-conservative system to a simple and elegant form. It is illustrated by application to a delta wing using triangular elements to calculate steady and unsteady lift and moment coefficients. Throughout the calculations only a coarse grid system has been employed and the answers have been compared with available results.     

Representation of depth by children: Spatial strategies and lateral biases.

Preschool and elementary-school children from the US and Israel represented depth relations in pictures. A lateral bias to place near objects on the left side appeared in English and Hebrew readers of all ages and in older Arabic readers; this bias is consistent with left–right asymmetries observed in Western art. The overall directionality of notational systems was seen as constraining, but not causing, the left bias. In all cultural groups, young children represented near–far by horizontal alignments and older children, by diagonal alignments, with virtually no vertical alignments. Front–behind representations followed a different developmental course that was interpreted as due to efforts to convey nearness between the items separated in depth. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

VinEd — Asystem for programmanipulation through user-definable simultaneous views

Programmers’ mental representations of programs do not obey the order and immediate content of program texts. Multiple visible representations, or views, of programs help programmers to construct mental representations needed in, e.g., maintenance tasks. We have implemented VinEd, a language-independent editor framework that supports an unlimited number of user-definable and editable views. Views are defined by transformation programs that construct views from the original representation. VinEd extends the notion of views to any activity that can be based on the original program, e.g., program compilation. Thus VinEd can be extended to include a complete set of programming tools.     

Neural network based transient stability assessment of electric power systems

In this paper a systematic procedure to design an intelligent neurocontroller to assess the dynamic security of interconnected power systems is presented. This approach focuses on the integration of modern control theory together with the adaptive networks to determine critical clearing time for power systems.     

Adsorption/complexation of organic micropollutants to aquatic humus influence of aquatic humus with time on organic pollutants and comparison of two analytical methods for analysing organic pollutants in humus water

In a laboratory study the influence of aquatic humus with time on low concentrations of alkanes, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and chlorinated hydrocarbons have been investigated. The feasibility of a liquid/liquid extraction method and a resin (XAD-2) adsorption method for analysing these pollutants in humus water has also been studied.The interaction between the organic pollutants and the humus were found to vary considerably between different classes of compounds as well as between compounds of the same class.None of the two analytical methods investigated were found feasible for determining the total amount of organic pollutants present in humus water.     

Local Oscillator Generation Circuit for Direct Conversion Transmitter

In this paper a fully monolithic on-chip local oscillator signal generation circuit is presented for eliminating the negative effect of coupling between bond-wires, package pins and output and input lines of the power amplifier output to the local oscillator input for direct conversion transmitters. The proposed circuit generates the local oscillator signal at frequencies 1710–1785 GHz which is harmonically uncorrelated from two input signals at 464 MHz and 1792–2088 MHz. The required building blocks are a frequency divider, a mixer and an active band-pass filter. Fully monolithic high frequency band-pass filters have not been available until recently, and the designed circuit is in fact one of the first applications reported for MMIC active filters in cellular phones. The circuit is designed with a 0.5 m GaAs MESFET technology and the performance is verified with on-chip measurements.     

Interactive computer support in decision conferencing: Two cases on off-site nuclear emergency management

In this paper, we study the new opportunities offered by the interactive use of advanced multicriteria software in decision conferencing. We analyze and make observations on this approach in two one-day decision conferences on the planning of later phase countermeasures in off-site nuclear emergency management. The participants' individual use of the software in the preference elicitation phase was an essential new characteristic of these conferences. It turned out to be a feasible and well accepted process. We shall discuss the requirements for the facilitation and computer support in this kind of an approach.