Significant Role of Al in Ternary Layered Double Hydroxides for Enhancing Electrochemical Performance of Flexible Asymmetric Supercapacitor

The Al effect on the electrochemical properties of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) is not properly probed, although it is demonstrated to notably promote the capacitive behavior of LDHs. Herein, ternary NiCo₂Al_x layered double hydroxides with varying levels of Al stoichiometry are purposely developed, grown directly on mechanically flexible and electrically conducting carbon cloth (CC@NiCo₂Al_x‐LDH). Al plays a significant role in determining the structure, morphology, and electrochemical behavior of NiCo₂Al_x‐LDHs. At an increasing level of Al in NiCo₂Al_x‐LDHs, there is a steady evolution from 1D nanowire to 2D nanosheets. The CC@NiCo₂Al‐LDH at an appropriate level of Al and with the nanowire–nanosheet mixed morphology exhibits both significantly enhanced electrochemical performance and excellent structural stability, with about a 2.3‐fold capacitance of NiCo₂‐OH. When applied as the anode in a flexible asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC), the CC@NiCo₂Al‐LDH gives rise to a remarkable energy density of 44 Wh kg^?1 at the power density of 462 W kg^?1, together with remarkable cyclic stability with 91.2% capacitance retention over 15 000 charge–discharge cycles. The present study demonstrates a new pathway to significantly improve the electrochemical performance and stability of transition metal LDHs, which are otherwise unstable in structure and poorly performing in both rate and cycling capability.     

新冠肺炎疫情对上海经济社会发展的影响机制与应对策略

新型冠状病毒肺炎(以下简称新冠肺炎)疫情对上海经济社会发展造成了诸多影响,上海正在深入学习贯彻习近平总书记系列重要讲话精神,坚定推进"两手抓、两手硬、两手赢"。通过电话咨询部分企业家、查阅媒体相关文献、对比SARS疫情、政策分析等方式,研究认为新冠肺炎疫情对上海经济发展的影响可以从"短期-中期-长期"的时间序列进行分析,而对社会发展影响则可从"个人-社区-城市-社会"空间序列进行探讨,在影响机制的基础上还提出了相应的对策建议。     

Preparation and properties of fluorinated silicon two‐component polyurethane hydrophobic coatings

A polyurethane (PU) hydrophobic coating was prepared by the two‐component method, polycarbonate diol and isophorone diisocyanate becoming a two‐phase composition. The PU films with hydrophobic surface were prepared by establishing a rough structure on the surface of silica (SiO₂) modified with silane coupling agents (γ‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxy)propytrimethoxysilane (KH560) and (heptadecafluoro‐1,1,2,2‐tetradecyl)trimethoxysilane (FAS)). First, the surface of SiO₂ was covered by a layer of hydrophobic methyl and fluorocarbon (C–F) groups. Then, the SiO₂ and modified SiO₂ were obtained by the introduction of KH560 and FAS with the silanol reaction by ultrasonic stirring. The effect of SiO₂ and modified SiO₂ on the structure and hydrophobic properties of PU was investigated by a series of test instruments. The results showed that the introduction of SiO₂ and modified SiO₂ was beneficial for increasing the roughness of the PU coating surface; the roughness of FAS/SiO₂‐PU could reach up to 14.790 nm, four times better than pure PU. A hydrophobic modified PU coating with water contact angle 123° was fabricated by using the hydrophobic C–F group FAS as a low surface energy material and establishing a micro rough structure on the surface of PU. Moreover, PU modified with KH560 and FAS can reduce the glass transition temperature (T_g) of soft segments, resulting in improvement of micro‐phase separation. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry     

加强实验室管理是促进检测实验室能力的根本保证

面对行业市场竞争需求,提高实验室检测能力,首先必须通过实验室资质能力,提高检测水平,重视新的检测技术和应用手段,这样才能提高实验室质量管理水平,满足发展的需要。     

Quasiturbine旋转发动机的缸体曲线研究

针对近年出现的Quasiturbine旋转发动机的工作原理,从机构学的角度研究了满足四边形旋转活塞运动的缸体曲 线,根据等弦长条件得到了缸体曲线—E曲线,曲线反映了这种发动机的机构学特征。     

Transient analysis of three-dimensional dynamic interaction between multilayered soil and rigid foundation

The study of dynamic soil-structure interaction is significant to civil engineering applications, such as machine foundation vibration, traffic-induced vibration, and seismic dynamic response. The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is a semi-analytical algorithm, which is used to solve the dynamic response of a three-dimensional infinite soil. It can automatically satisfy the radiation boundary condition at infinity. Based on the dynamic stiffness matrix equation obtained by the modified SBFEM, a continued fraction algorithm is proposed to solve the dynamic stiffness matrix of layered soil in the frequency-domain. Then, the SBFEM was coupled with the finite element method (FEM) at the interface to solve the dynamic stiffness matrices of the rigid surface/buried foundation. Finally, the mixed-variable algorithm was used to solve the three-dimensional transient dynamic response of the foundation in the time domain. Numerical examples were performed to verify the accuracy of the proposed algorithm in solving the dynamic stiffness matrix of the infinite domain in the frequency domain and the dynamic transient displacement response of the foundation in the time domain. Compared with the previous numerical integration technique, the dynamic stiffness matrix in the frequency domain calculated by using the proposed algorithm has higher accuracy and higher efficiency.     

层次化结构全局上下文增强的篇章级神经机器翻译

如何有效利用篇章上下文信息一直是篇章级神经机器翻译研究领域的一大挑战。该文提出利用来源于整个篇章的层次化全局上下文来提高篇章级神经机器翻译性能。为了实现该目标,该文提出的模型分别获取当前句内单词与篇章内所有句子及单词之间的依赖关系,结合不同层次的依赖关系以获取含有层次化篇章信息的全局上下文表示。最终源语言当前句子中的每个单词都能获取其独有的综合词和句级别依赖关系的上下文。为了充分利用平行句对语料在训练中的优势,该文使用两步训练法,在句子级语料训练模型的基础上使用含有篇章信息的语料进行二次训练以获得捕获全局上下文的能力。在若干基准语料数据集上的实验表明,该文提出的模型与若干强基准模型相比取得了有意义的翻译质量提升。实验进一步表明,结合层次化篇章信息的上下文比仅使用词级别上下文更具优势。除此之外,该文还尝试通过不同方式将全局上下文与翻译模型结合并观察其对模型性能的影响,并初步探究篇章翻译中全局上下文在篇章中的分布情况。     

页岩气容量法等温吸附实验气体状态方程优选

页岩气藏资源评价和开发的关键基础资料——等温吸附曲线,通常是通过容量法等温吸附实验获取的,决定其准确与否的关键是选择合适的气体状态方程来计算吸附/解吸气量。为此,针对不同气体状态方程对页岩气相态描述差异较大的情况,设计了简易、方便的气体状态方程优选评价实验装置和实验方案,该方法避开了对气体体积的频繁计算所带来的实验误差,仅通过测试不同状态下的压力即可评价气体状态方程的适用性,其原理和设备操作简单,计算方便。对实验结果的分析结论表明:(1)不同气体状态方程对甲烷的相态描述均有不同程度偏差,且压力越高偏差越大,页岩等温吸附实验中必须优选合适的气体状态方程来计算吸附气量和解析气量;(2)低压下(小于10 MPa)宜选用SRK方程、高压下(大于10 MPa)宜采用RK方程来计算甲烷气田相态变化;(3)总体上,结合我国页岩气藏埋藏较深、压力多在20 MPa以上的实际情况,RK方程能更好地计算出甲烷气田的相态变化特征,从而满足页岩等温吸附实验的需要。     

关于油润滑钢/钢滑动摩擦副P-V图的研究

本文在球-盘式摩擦磨损试验机上,采用阶梯加载方式,测定了润滑条件下钢/钢滑动摩擦副的P-V图,并考察了润滑油在各转化区中所起的作用。证明在P-V图中润滑状态的转化都是在一定区域内进行的,即P-V图是由五个区域,而不是由三个区域组成。本文还采用俄歇和光电子能谱系统地分析了不同润滑状态钢表面膜的成分和价态,讨论了氧化膜各层结构在摩擦磨损过程中所起的作用,并提出了氧化膜在P-V图状态转化中的作用模型。     

油膜负压及粗糙表面油膜承载机理的研究

本文用一种独特的试验装置,首次较为准确地测出了油膜负压及其极限值,初步解决了表面形貌润滑效应领域里多年来有争议的“悬案”,从而揭示了粗糙表面油膜承载的重要机理,为进一步研究表面形貌的润滑效应提供了试验依据。