Synthesis and characterization of soluble aromatic azopolyamides containing sulfone and ether units

A series of new polyamides 3a–d containing aryl-azo, ether and sulfone groups in the main chain were synthesized from bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl sulfone] 1 and several azo aromatic diacyl chlorides 2a–d by the low temperature solution polycondensation technique. FTIR spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and elemental analyses confirmed the structure of these polymers. Owing to the aryl and amide groups in the main chain, these polymers exhibit photochromic properties as well as excellent thermal stabilities. The transition temperatures (T _g) are between 242 and 265 °C, and the char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen atmosphere were above 39%. Based on incorporation of flexible ether linkages and polar sulfone groups, the polyamides show desirable solubility in organic solvents such as DMAc, N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), N-methyl-2-pyrroidinone (NMP) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). And it is exemplified that polyamide containing 2 and 2′ substitutes performed better solubility. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50572081)     

Antibacterial and corrosive properties of copper implanted austenitic stainless steel

Copper ions were implanted into austenitic stainless steel (SS) by metal vapor vacuum arc with a energy of 100 keV and an ions dose range of (0.5-8.0)×1017 cm-2. The Cu-implanted SS was annealed in an Ar atmosphere furnace. Glancing X-ray diffrac-tion (GXRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) were used to reveal the phase compositions, microstructures, and concentration profiles of copper ions in the implanted layer. The results show that the antibacterial property...     

简论《周易》对《汉书·艺文志》的影响

班固的《汉书·艺文志》源于刘向及其子刘歆的《七略》,是我国现存最早的目录学文献。《汉书·艺文志》中多处引用《周易》,并尊《周易》为“五经之原”,充分体现了汉初《周易》在学术界及思想界的重要地位,从中还可看出《周易》在汉初已成为儒家立论言说的理论基础及辨章学术,考镜源流的“万方之略”。     

Separation of nanocolloids driven by dielectrophoresis: A molecular dynamics simulation

The nonequilibrium molecular dynamics (MD) method was used to model the nanocolloids and the solvent particles. By introducing a non-uniform electric field, colloids were polarized to have opposite polarities. Separation of colloids driven by dielectrophoresis (DEP) could be seen clearly under a strong electric field at low temperatures. Analyzing the ratio of DEP velocities of colloids to thermal velocities of neutral solvent particles showed that when the ratio was correspondingly big, collision between colloids and solvent particles would be intense, making the DEP velocity of colloids fluctuate frequently. By changing the electric field strength, it was found that the enhancement of electric field strength would quicken the separation of colloids. But when the electric field strength increased to a certain degree, the separation motion would be slow because of the strong friction resistance of the solvent particles to the colloids. Moreover, studying the separation reason of colloids based on the potential energy showed that after colloids were polarized, the attractive potential energy among the colloids would be weaker than before, while the increase of temperature would reduce the attractive potential energy and increase the repulsive potential energy, which accorded with the DLVO theory. Supported by the National Hi-Tech Research and Derelopment Program of China (“863” Project) (Grant No. 2006AA04Z351) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50675033, 30770553)     

Rapid prediction method for nonlinear expansion process of medical vascular stent

A neural network model with high nonlinear recognition capability was constructed to describe the relationship between the deformation impact factors and the deformation results of vascular stent.Then,using the weighted correction method with the attached momentum term,the network training algorithm was optimized by introducing learning factor η and momentum factor ψ,so the speed of the network training and the system robustness were enhanced.The network was trained by some practi-cal cases,and the statisti...     

羟甲基共聚酰胺的制备和研究

以甲酸为催化剂，甲醛与共聚酰妥ＰＡ（６／１０１０）缩合，制备羟甲基聚酰胺。利用小角激光散射、ＤＴＡ谱图，比民阻、接触角测定、应力－应弯曲线粘接试验等手段对其进行了研究。羟甲基以后，共聚酰胺的结晶形态发生了变化，熔点下降，断裂力降低但亲水性提高，对铝材的粘接力增大。通过对其固化体系和固化条件的调整，可以增加固化程度并强化对铝材的粘接能力。     

Fractional partial differential equation denoising models for texture image

In this paper,a set of fractional partial differential equations based on fractional total variation and fractional steepest descent approach are proposed to address the problem of traditional drawbacks of PM and ROF multi-scale denoising for texture image.By extending Green,Gauss,Stokes and Euler-Lagrange formulas to fractional field,we can find that the integer formulas are just their special case of fractional ones.In order to improve the denoising capability,we proposed 4 fractional partial differential equation based multiscale denoising models,and then discussed their stabilities and convergence rate.Theoretic deduction and experimental evaluation demonstrate the stability and astringency of fractional steepest descent approach,and fractional nonlinearly multi-scale denoising capability and best value of parameters are discussed also.The experiments results prove that the ability for preserving high-frequency edge and complex texture information of the proposed denoising models are obviously superior to traditional integral based algorithms,especially for texture detail rich images.     

VB与Matlab混合编程在梯度胶片制作中的应用

在梯度胶片制作系统的设计中,为了完成制胶系统上位机数据计算、图形显示、系统管理软件的设计,采用Matlab函数根据采样数据合出步进电机进给控制曲线,结合VB将曲线和数据显示在人机交互界面上,将所计算的参数提供给下位控制系统,系统通过曲线插补计算对步进电机进行控制来完成胶片制作.经实践检验,这种方法所设计的监控程序功能完善、界面良好、操作方便.     

水-能源-碳排放复杂关系研究进展及展望

系统梳理水-能-碳复杂关系的概念内涵,认为其本质是水资源、能源以及碳排放在整个产品生命周期过程 中的相互关系。回顾了复杂关系的近今进展,可将评估方法归纳为基于耦合关联视角的评估、基于整体协同视角 的评估、基于风险与韧性视角的评估以及基于土地利用视角的综合评估。在此基础上,建议未来应重点关注 4 个 前沿议题,即基于水-能-碳承载力的国土空间优化研究、水-能-碳视角下资源消耗与经济增长脱钩分析、水-能-碳 复杂关系确定性与不确定性量化分析以及水-能-碳工程措施助力“负排放”,旨在通过水-能-碳系统协同管理推动 绿色高质量发展。     

油气井钻进钻铤进动特性仿真研究

油气井钻进破岩过程发生于地下几千米,难以获取井底钻具组合的运动状态.井底钻具组合与岩石的相互作用产生多种形式的振动及振动的耦合.为进一步研究破岩引发钻进中振动的产生机理,建立了井底钻具组合钻铤段非线性动力学模型,通过数值仿真,分析了破岩过程中转速、钻井液、井底钻具组合偏心距、摩擦等对钻铤段旋转进动的影响.数值研究表明,系统参数的变化导致井底钻具组合进动轨迹的多样性和不可预测性;井底钻具组合受到外力作用,导致钻铤进动出现混沌;钻进过程中钻铤与井壁间会发生周期性碰摩现象,为研究钻进引发钻柱黏滑振动提供新的研究思路.