级联H桥光伏逆变器开关管开路故障诊断

多电平逆变器包含大量的半导体开关,以级联H桥光伏逆变器为例,针对开关管开路故障提出一种快速故障诊断和处理方法。在载波的顶端或底端采样每个H桥模块的输出电压,将其作为判断开关管开路故障的判据。诊断完成后,采取相应的措施降低故障程度。该方法可在一个载波周期内完成故障开关管的精确定位。实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

内压作用下双开孔圆柱壳孔间距限定

多开孔接管结构常用于压力容器和管道,文章重点考虑了不同λ值和不同开孔间距,采用有限元分析法对内压作用下轴向和环向双开孔圆柱壳进行了应力分析,基于弹性应力法和极限载荷法对承压结构进行应力强度评价。研究结果表明,基于弹性应力法的应力强度评价,当轴向双开孔圆柱壳开孔间距不大于2.0L0时,结构不能满足弹性应力强度评定要求;基于极限载荷法的强度评价,双开孔圆柱壳均能满足应力强度评定要求。建议对轴向和环向双开孔圆柱壳开孔间距分别作出限定。     

Consumer‐diet discrimination of δ13C and δ15N: Source‐ and feeding‐oriented patterns based on gut content analysis in a large subtropical river of China

Understanding the trophic discrimination (?¹³C and ?¹⁵N) between consumers and diets in fluvial systems remains difficult because of the variable food sources and complex predator–prey interactions from headwaters to the estuaries. Here, stable carbon (δ¹³C) and nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) isotopes in fish and invertebrates from a large subtropical river in southern China were determined to explore trophic discrimination in conjunction with a gut content analysis. The ?¹³C values showed significant differences (p < .05) among functional feeding groups, with fish, shrimp, and insect scrapers presenting higher ?¹³C values (1.20 ± 0.23‰ to 1.51 ± 0.31‰) than other groups. The ?¹⁵N values varied significantly between invertebrates (0.64 ± 0.17‰ of insect collector‐gatherers to 1.63 ± 0.36‰ of shrimp predators) and fish (1.98 ± 0.19‰ of detritivores to 2.71 ± 0.43‰ of crustaceavores) and exhibited an increasing tendency from primary to secondary consumers. A linear regression analysis revealed that the longitudinal changes in ?¹³C and ?¹⁵N were closely associated with the δ¹³C of periphyton, the δ¹⁵N of particulate organic matter (POM) in water, and the relative contribution (%) of periphyton and organic detritus to the diet composition of consumers. These results indicated that discrimination factors might not only be influenced by the isotope signatures of basal food sources but also downstream shifts in dominant food items utilized by consumers. In particular, trophic discrimination between periphyton– and detritus–based food chains, such as “epilithic diatoms–shrimp scrapers–crustaceavorous fish” and “POM–bivalves–molluscivorous fish,” displayed regionally specific patterns. When back‐calculating to the diet assimilation and trophic position in subtropical streams and rivers, we suggest using the basin‐scale ?¹³C value of 0.96 ± 0.26‰ for all consumers and ?¹⁵N values of 1.07 ± 0.32‰ for invertebrates and 2.38 ± 0.37‰ for fish.     

微观表面形貌对螺旋槽液膜密封空化发生的影响

为探索微观表面形貌对液膜密封空化的影响,基于满足质量守恒的JFO空化模型及坐标变换,建立考虑微观表面形貌的双坝区螺旋槽液膜密封数学模型;采用有限体积法离散求解控制方程,综合分析表面粗糙度、周向波度和径向锥度对螺旋槽液膜密封空化发生的影响规律。结果表明:相比而言,密封面计入微观表面形貌后,摩擦副液膜中空穴区发生位置分散且形状不规则;以空化面积比为判据,较大表面粗糙度对液膜空化促生虽起到积极作用,但数据较小,可忽略不计;锥度对液膜中空穴促生和抑制影响有限,波幅的增加显著促进液膜中空穴的发生;高频波数时,正锥度有利于降低液膜空化面积比,抑制空穴。     

基于异频切换负载均衡算法研究与实现

在商用LTE基站系统中,小区之间存在业务量不均衡的情况,特别是热点区域,某些小区处于高负载状态,为了均衡小区的业务负载,引入了移动负载均衡(MLB)技术。选择合适用户(UE)切换到相邻低负载小区,从而有效地提高了整体网络资源效率和吞吐量,同时也能增强用户的性能体验。提出了一种以用户的RSRP和邻区PRB利用率为参数,基于UE业务量的异频切换负载均衡算法,选择出适量的UE切换到目标邻区中,从而达到网络负载均衡。根据实际基站调试结果表明,该算法能够快速精确地切换特定业务量的UE,明确了要卸载的业务量,并且提升了网络吞吐量和UE吞吐量。     

SDN智能管控编排系统技术方案研究

随着用户对网络提出更为苛刻的服务质量要求,运营商着力进行各专业网络的智能化改造建设。首先,简单介绍了产业界各专业网络软件定义网络（software defined network,SDN）改造建设现状,并对改造过程中存在的问题进行了分析;然后,提出了SDN智能管控编排系统方案,以满足用户对跨专业业务端到端自动开通的需求,并在网络层面实现资源数据的智能分析,提升运维效率;最后,介绍了在提出架构下的专线业务开通流程和实时告警流程与实践。     

自适应的基于混沌序列的数字水印算法

算法是以混沌系统产生的实数序列为水印,结合HVS模型,将水印嵌入8×8DCT的中频系数中.实验结果证明,该算法具有较强的鲁棒性,水印检测结果正确.算法采用混沌序列为水印信号,具有易产生、数量多,保密性好的优点,可以有效地解决实际应用中大量数字水印产生的问题及数字水印标准化问题,有利于数字水印技术走向实际应用.     

网络虚拟化互通技术

工业界和学术界提出了许多新的网络虚拟化技术来满足云计算环境对网络服务的需求.网络虚拟化技术的多样化使得云环境面临多种网络虚拟化技术共存的状况.然而,网络虚拟化技术间的差异会导致网络资源被分割成相互间不可通信的“孤岛”.为了解决这个问题,提出了网络虚拟化互通技术,分析了该技术的实现难点,并提出了基于软件定义网络的网络虚拟化互通架构Omni-Bridge,最后给出了Omni-Bridge的原型实现和功能验证.     

纳米级奥克托今的制备及性能研究

研究了使用HLG-50型粉碎机制备纳米奥克托今（HMX）,以及应用纳米激光粒度仪跟踪其粒度分布,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）观察其颗粒大小;采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、拉曼光谱（Raman spectra）、X射线衍射（XRD）以及电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-AES）检测其成分,研究其纯度;使用热 重（TG）和差示扫描量热法（DSC）分析其热分解特性;同时表征了纳米HMX的摩擦感度、撞击感度和冲击波感度。结果表明,制备获得的纳米HMX产品其颗粒粒径大部分在100nm以下,并且引入的杂质极少;纳米HMX的热分解峰温度较原料HMX稍有提前,其摩擦感度与原料相比有较大幅度下降,撞击感度和冲击波感度分别降低132.6%和60.0%,安全性能明显提高,具有良好的应用前景,并对纳米HMX的降感机理进行了分析。     

Solution‐Processed Nickel Oxide Hole Transport Layers in High Efficiency Polymer Photovoltaic Cells

The detailed characterization of solution‐derived nickel (II) oxide (NiO) hole‐transporting layer (HTL) films and their application in high efficiency organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells is reported. The NiO precursor solution is examined in situ to determine the chemical species present. Coordination complexes of monoethanolamine (MEA) with Ni in ethanol thermally decompose to form non‐stoichiometric NiO. Specifically, the [Ni(MEA)₂(OAc)]⁺ ion is found to be the most prevalent species in the precursor solution. The defect‐induced Ni³⁺ ion, which is present in non‐stoichiometric NiO and signifies the p‐type conduction of NiO, as well as the dipolar nickel oxyhydroxide (NiOOH) species are confirmed using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Bulk heterojunction (BHJ) solar cells with a polymer/fullerene photoactive layer blend composed of poly‐dithienogermole‐thienopyrrolodione (pDTG‐TPD) and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C71‐butyric acid methyl ester (PC₇₁BM) are fabricated using these solution‐processed NiO films. The resulting devices show an average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.8%, which is a 15% improvement over devices utilizing a poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) HTL. The enhancement is due to the optical resonance in the solar cell and the hydrophobicity of NiO, which promotes a more homogeneous donor/acceptor morphology in the active layer at the NiO/BHJ interface. Finally, devices incorporating NiO as a HTL are more stable in air than devices using PEDOT:PSS.