Thyroid hormones in dairy calves after birth and in the first days of life. Amplitude of variation, maternal-fetal relationships and reaction patterns specific to the individual

Dairy calves and their dams from the dairy herd of the institute were used for this investigation. Calvings were watch carefully and jugular venous blood samples taken immediately after delivery from the cow and the calf and in the calf at 24 hours and at 48 hours of postnatal age as well were analyzed for T4, FT4, T3 and FT3 by luminescence enzyme immunoassay (LEIA). Higher thyroid values in calves than in their dams could be found increasing short after birth and reaching their highest level within 24 hours of postnatal life. The individual thyroid hormone values at birth and at 24 hours and at 48 hours of age are well correlated meaning the changes during the first days are specific for each calf. Strong correlation between the thyroid hormone values of the cows and those of the calves could be found. Mean values of thyroid hormones were significantly higher in female than in male calves all time but not different in the dams of these calves.     

The effects of context on the correspondence between observational ratings and questionnaire reports of hostile behavior: A multitrait, multimethod approach.

Scholars who study close relationships often measure the same concept with both observational ratings and questionnaire items. In studies where this has been done, the correlations between the two measures have often been low, and one reason may be a "context by measurement" confound. Observational ratings are usually based on behaviors during a specific task, whereas most questionnaire responses are based on a broader context such as "during the past month." In 2001, a total of 292 young couples were videotaped during a discussion task and asked to report on their own behavior and that of their partner during the discussion task and during the past month. The data were configured as a multitrait, multimethod matrix, and the magnitudes of the correlations were estimated with confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting correlations between observer ratings and questionnaire reports of hostile behavior during the videotaped discussion were roughly twice the magnitude of the correlations between observer rating and questionnaire reports during the past month. This suggests that the correspondence between behavioral categories and the content of questionnaire items is greater than previous studies have indicated. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

SAP NetWeaver: Slicing the fridge

Zusammenfassung Das Schlagwort NetWeaver ist seit einiger Zeit in unserer Branche en vogue. Wie so oft, ist es nicht leicht, Marketingaspekte vom informatischen Wesensgehalt zu unterscheiden. Dieser Beitrag m?chte hier helfen.     

Efficient and optimal exponentiation in finite fields

Optimal sequential and parallel algorithms for exponentiation in a finite field containing F _q are presented, assuming thatqth powers can be computed for free.     

Zum Einsatz synthetischer Pyrethroide im vorbeugenden Holzschutz

The synthetic pyrethroids fenvalerate and cypermethrine, natural pyrethrum and lindane were investigated as wood preservatives under conditions of application to determine their contribution to indoor pollution. While pyrethrum degraded within 10 days, fenvalerate and cypermethrine showed high stability and long-term remaining in wood and no volatility into gasphase. In contrast to lindane they do not contribute to indoor pollution.     

Endothelial selectins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 promote hematopoietic progenitor homing to bone marrow

The adhesive mechanisms allowing hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) homing to the bone marrow (BM) after BM transplantation are poorly understood. We investigated the role of endothelial selectins and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) in this process. Lethally irradiated recipient mice deficient in both P-and E-selectins (P/E-/-), reconstituted with minimal numbers (相似文献   

Clinical and histopathological aspects of 113 necrotizing malignant melanomas of the choroid. 1. Clinical and histological features of necrotizing choroidal melanomas

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis may reflect a destructive immune reaction. Systematic and statistically significant comparative clinico-histopathologic studies have not yet been reported. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 113 necrotizing choroidal melanomas (NCM) recruited from 701 enucleated globes 1967-1988 were resectioned, stained and compared to 100 choroidal melanomas without necrosis (CM), and data of 74 patients with a follow-up of more than 10 years were evaluated. RESULTS: Statistically significant characteristics of NCM were: patient age < 60 yrs. for NCM 27.4%, CM 46%; patient age in men for NCM was 64 yrs on average (CM: 58 yrs.), in women for NCM 67 yrs. (CM: 59 yrs.). Time elapsed between first symptoms and enucleation was < 12 months in 15.9% of NCM (89% for CM), and > 12 months in 23.9% of NCM (11% in CM). Mixed or epitheloid cell tumors was seen in 54.9% of NCM and 49% of CM, spindle cell tumors in 36.3% of NCM and 51% in CM. Advanced tumor stages T3 and T4 were present in 45.1% resp. 36.3% of NCM compared to 37% resp. 16% in CM. Scleral invasion was documented in 67.3% of NCM and 37% of CM, extrascleral dissemination in 43% of NCM and 16% of CM. Secondary glaucomas were seen in 62.2% of NCM and 6% CM, a penetration through Bruch's membrane in 61.0% of NCM and 46% of CM. Intratumoral hemorrhage was noted in 68.14% of NCM and 24% of CM, extratumoral bleeding in 23.9% of NCM and 0% CM. Inflammatory reactions in tumors were observed in 96.7% of NCM harboring > 30% necrosis compared to 5% in CM, and extratumoral in 94.5% of NCM and 0% of CM. Intraocular extratumoral necrosis was seen in 23.9% of NCM and 0% of CM. There were no significant differences in the degree of pigmentation of the 90.3% pigmented NCM or of the 94% pigmented CM, neither in the tumor localization, being constantly behind the equator in 87% of cases. Survival of patients with NCM patients was 5 years and 9 months on average (5-year mortality rate 41.9%), and 74.3% were deceased from metastatic spread. CONCLUSIONS: Significant clinical and histopathological differences between necrotizing and non-necrotizing malignant melanomas of the choroid can be identified. The inflammatory reaction of NCM must be further elucidated, particularly with respect to the nature of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes.     

Changes in RBE of 14-MeV (d + T) neutrons for V79 cells irradiated in air and in a phantom: is RBE enhanced near the surface?

PURPOSE: The relative biological effectiveness (RBE) for inactivation of V79 cells was determined as function of dose at the Heidelberg 14-MeV (d + T) neutron therapy facility after irradiation with single doses in air and at different depths in a therapy phantom. Furthermore, to assess the reproducibility of RBE determinations in different experiments we examined the relationship between the interexperimental variation in radiosensitivity towards neutrons with that towards low LET 60Co photons. METHODS: Clonogenic survival of V79 cells was determined using the colony formation assay. The cells were irradiated in suspension in small volumes (1.2 ml) free in air or at defined positions in the perspex phantom. Neutron doses were in the range, Dt = 0.5-4 Gy. 60Co photons were used as reference radiation. RESULTS: The radiosensitivity towards neutrons varied considerably less between individual experiments than that towards photons and also less than RBE. However, the mean sensitivity of different series was relatively constant. RBE increased with decreasing dose per fraction from RBE = 2.3 at 4 Gy to RBE = 3.1 at 0.5 Gy. No significant difference in RBE could be detected between irradiation at 1.6 cm and 9.4 cm depth in the phantom. However, an approximately 20% higher RBE was found for irradiation free in air compared with inside the phantom. Combining the two effects, irradiation with 0.5 Gy free in air yielded an approximately 40% higher RBE than a dose of 2 Gy inside the phantom. CONCLUSION: The measured values of RBE as function of dose per fraction within the phantom is consistent with the energy of the neutron beam. The increased RBE free in air, however, is greater than expected from microdosimetric parameters of the beam and may be due to slow recoil protons produced by interaction of multiply scattered neutrons or to an increased contribution of alpha particles from C(n, alpha) reactions near the surface. An enhanced RBE in subcutaneous layers of skin combined with an increase in RBE at low doses per fraction outside the target volume could potentially have significant consequences for normal tissue reactions in radiotherapy patients treated with fast neutrons.