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71.
本文作者注意到不同的强化可以提高货车变速箱的锥形滚子轴承的性能,结果有助于这些齿轮箱满足制造者和操作者对延长使用寿命和消除噪音,车辆运行更经济等较高的期望。这些强化包括如下P900^TM的设计原理和最大的功率系数;抗碎片污染和摩擦腐蚀等。本文还注意到应用改进轴承的优点,用非线性有限元分析去设计货车变速箱。 相似文献
72.
We measure with a gated intensified CCD camera the cross-polarized backscattered light from a linearly polarized laser beam penetrating a cloud made of spherical particles. In accordance with previously published results we observe a clear azimuthal pattern in the recorded images. We show that the pattern is symmetrical, that it originates from second-order scattering, and that higher-order scattering causes blurring that increases with optical depth. We also find that the contrast in the symmetrical features can be related to measurement of the optical depth. Moreover, when the blurring contributions are identified and subtracted, the resulting pattern provides a pure second-order scattering measurement that can be used for retrieval of droplet size. 相似文献
73.
Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis of volatile organic compounds in the low-microgram per liter range 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Compound-specific carbon isotope analysis (CSIA) has become an important tool in biological, archeological, and geological studies as well as in forensics, food sciences, and organic chemistry. If sensitivity could be enhanced, CSIA would further have an improved potential for environmental applications such as, for example, in situ remediation studies to assess contaminated environments, identification of pollutant degradation pathways and kinetics, distinction between degradation/formation mechanisms, or, verification of contaminant sources. With this goal in mind, we have developed methods to determine delta13C values of commonly reported groundwater contaminants in low-microgram per liter concentrations. Several injection and preconcentration techniques were evaluated for this purpose, i.e., on-column injection, split/ splitless injection, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and purge and trap (P&T) in combination with gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry. The delta13C values of the target compounds were determined by liquid injections of the analytes dissolved in diethyl ether or, in the case of P&T and SPME, by extraction from water spiked with the analytes. P&T extraction was the most efficient preconcentration technique reaching method detection limits (MDLs) from 0.25 to 5.0 microg/L. These are the lowest MDLs reported so far for continuous-flow isotope ratio determinations, using a commercially available and fully automated system. Isotopic fractionation resulting from preconcentration and injection was investigated and quantified for the priority groundwater pollutants methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), chloroform, tetrachloromethane, chlorinated ethylenes, benzene, and toluene. The isotopic fractionations caused by the extraction techniques were small but highly reproducible and could therefore be corrected for. P&T was characterized by a higher reproducibility and smaller isotopic fractionations than SPME. Among the liquid injection techniques, cold on-column injection resulted in slightly better precision compared to split/splitless injection. However, the MDLs determined for liquid injections were 4-6 orders of magnitude higher (i.e., 9.5-2800 mg/L) than for P&T and SPME. Since both of the latter methods are solventless, a better chromatographic resolution was obtained than for the liquid injection techniques. The P&T and SPME methods described here are also applicable for CSIA of D/H ratios, which require 10-20 times higher analyte concentrations than 13C/12C analysis. Finally, the applicability of the described methods is demonstrated for pollutant concentrations of only 5-60 microg/L in environmental samples. 相似文献
74.
The final stages of sperm differentiation occur outside the gonad and are not under the genomic control of germ cells. Only sequential interactions with the medium surrounding the sperm are believed to induce the final steps of spermatogenesis. The epididymis, a long tubule with very active secretory and reabsorption functions, is able to create sequential changes in the composition of luminal fluid throughout its length. The chronologies of the changes, which occur on/in the sperm with those in their surrounding environment, are described. Correlations between the highly regionalized epididymal activities and sperm characteristics linked to their survival and fertility potential are presented in this review. 相似文献
75.
The introduction of the double bond in the sphingoid backbone of sphingolipids occurs at the level of dihydroceramide via an NADPH-dependent desaturase, as discovered in permeabilized rat hepatocytes. In the rat, the enzyme activity, which has
now been further characterized, appeared to be mostly enriched in liver and Harderian gland. By means of subcellular fractionation
of rat liver homogenates and density gradient separation of microsomal fractions, the desaturase was localized to the endoplasmic
reticulum. Various detergents were inhibitory to the enzyme, and maximal activities were obtained in the presence of NADPH
and when the substrate was complexed to albumin. In the presence of albumin, the chain length of the fatty acid of the truncated
dihydroceramides hardly affected the activity. Finally, in view of a likely evolutionary relationship between desaturases
and hydroxylases, the formation of hydroxylated intermediates was analyzed. No evidence for their presence was found under
our assay conditions.
In part presented at the Conférence Jacques Monod “Cell lipids: Topology, transport and signalling functions”, Aussois, May
1997 (France); Van Veldhoven, P.P. “Ceramide biosynthesis: Characterisation of the conversion of dihydroceramide to ceramide”.
Contributed equally to this study. 相似文献
76.
Pradip Mainali Gauthier Lafruit Qiong Yang Bert Geelen Luc Van Gool Rudy Lauwereins 《International Journal of Computer Vision》2013,104(2):172-197
We present a new method to extract scale-invariant features from an image by using a Cosine Modulated Gaussian (CM-Gaussian) filter. Its balanced scale-space atom with minimal spread in scale and space leads to an outstanding scale-invariant feature detection quality, albeit at reduced planar rotational invariance. Both sharp and distributed features like corners and blobs are reliably detected, irrespective of various image artifacts and camera parameter variations, except for planar rotation. The CM-Gaussian filters are approximated with the sum of exponentials as a single, fixed-length filter and equal approximation error over all scales, providing constant-time, low-cost image filtering implementations. The approximation error of the corresponding digital signal processing is below the noise threshold. It is scalable with the filter order, providing many quality-complexity trade-off working points. We validate the efficiency of the proposed feature detection algorithm on image registration applications over a wide range of testbench conditions. 相似文献
77.
78.
Walock MJ Rahil I Zou Y Imhoff L Catledge SA Nouveau C Stanishevsky AV 《Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology》2012,12(6):4825-4831
Many of today's demanding applications require thin-film coatings with high hardness, toughness, and thermal stability. In many cases, coating thickness in the range 2-20 microm and low surface roughness are required. Diamond films meet many of the stated requirements, but their crystalline nature leads to a high surface roughness. Nanocrystalline diamond offers a smoother surface, but significant surface modification of the substrate is necessary for successful nanocrystalline diamond deposition and adhesion. A hybrid hard and tough material may be required for either the desired applications, or as a basis for nanocrystalline diamond film growth. One possibility is a composite system based on carbides or nitrides. Many binary carbides and nitrides offer one or more mentioned properties. By combining these binary compounds in a ternary or quaternary nanocrystalline system, we can tailor the material for a desired combination of properties. Here, we describe the results on the structural and mechanical properties of the coating systems composed of tungsten-chromium-carbide and/or nitride. These WC-Cr-(N) coatings are deposited using magnetron sputtering. The growth of adherent nanocrystalline diamond films by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition has been demonstrated on these coatings. The WC-Cr-(N) and WC-Cr-(N)-NCD coatings are characterized with atomic force microscopy and SEM, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation. 相似文献
79.
Vincent Bizet Xavier Pannecoucke Jean‐Luc Renaud Dominique Cahard 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》2013,355(7):1394-1402
The ruthenium–2‐propanol combination was found to transform γ‐trifluoromethylated allylic alcohols and β‐trifluoromethylated enones into the corresponding saturated alcohols in excellent yields via a one‐pot tandem process involving isomerization and transfer hydrogenation(s). High stereospecificity was demonstrated and evidence for two mechanistic pathways is provided. The method was applied to a rapid synthesis of trifluoromethylated citronellol. 相似文献
80.
David Beljonne Zhigang Shuai AiJun Ye Jean‐Luc Brdas 《Journal of the Society for Information Display》2005,13(5):419-427
Abstract— An overview of our recent work on the mechanisms of singlet and triplet exciton formation in electroluminescent π‐conjugated materials will be presented. According to simple spin statistics, only one‐fourth of the excitons are formed as singlets. However, deviations from that statistics can occur if the initially formed triplet charge‐transfer (CT) excited states are amenable to intersystem crossing or dissociation. Although the electronic couplings between the CT states and the neutral exciton states are expected to be largest for the lowest singlet and triplet excitons (S1 and T1, respectively), the possibility for direct recombination into T1 is always very small due to the large exchange energy. In small molecules, spin statistics is expected to be observed because both singlet and triplet exciton formations proceed via higher‐lying Sn/Tn states with similar electronic couplings and fast formation rates. In extended conjugated chains, however, that the 1CT → S1 pathway is faster while the 3CT → Tn channels become much slower, opening the route to intersystem crossing or dissociation among the 3CT states. 相似文献