全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1284篇 |
免费 | 81篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 4篇 |
化学工业 | 479篇 |
金属工艺 | 19篇 |
机械仪表 | 25篇 |
建筑科学 | 32篇 |
能源动力 | 35篇 |
轻工业 | 292篇 |
水利工程 | 8篇 |
石油天然气 | 4篇 |
无线电 | 47篇 |
一般工业技术 | 179篇 |
冶金工业 | 91篇 |
原子能技术 | 9篇 |
自动化技术 | 143篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 4篇 |
2023年 | 24篇 |
2022年 | 83篇 |
2021年 | 104篇 |
2020年 | 40篇 |
2019年 | 41篇 |
2018年 | 38篇 |
2017年 | 39篇 |
2016年 | 50篇 |
2015年 | 52篇 |
2014年 | 50篇 |
2013年 | 99篇 |
2012年 | 70篇 |
2011年 | 90篇 |
2010年 | 72篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 73篇 |
2007年 | 50篇 |
2006年 | 36篇 |
2005年 | 22篇 |
2004年 | 27篇 |
2003年 | 18篇 |
2002年 | 15篇 |
2001年 | 18篇 |
2000年 | 12篇 |
1999年 | 13篇 |
1998年 | 17篇 |
1997年 | 10篇 |
1996年 | 10篇 |
1995年 | 7篇 |
1994年 | 6篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 9篇 |
1991年 | 8篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 4篇 |
1988年 | 3篇 |
1987年 | 8篇 |
1986年 | 4篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 5篇 |
1981年 | 9篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1976年 | 2篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1367条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
31.
Maria Lisa Garavaglia Daniela Giustarini Graziano Colombo Francesco Reggiani Silvia Finazzi Marta Calatroni Lucia Landoni Nicola Marcello Portinaro Aldo Milzani Salvatore Badalamenti Ranieri Rossi Isabella Dalle-Donne 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Thiols (sulfhydryl groups) are effective antioxidants that can preserve the correct structure of proteins, and can protect cells and tissues from damage induced by oxidative stress. Abnormal levels of thiols have been measured in the blood of patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared to healthy subjects, as well as in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on haemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis. The levels of protein thiols (a measure of the endogenous antioxidant capacity inversely related to protein oxidation) and S-thiolated proteins (mixed disulphides of protein thiols and low molecular mass thiols), and the protein thiolation index (the molar ratio of the S-thiolated proteins to free protein thiols in plasma) have been investigated in the plasma or red blood cells of CKD and ESRD patients as possible biomarkers of oxidative stress. This type of minimally invasive analysis provides valuable information on the redox status of the less-easily accessible tissues and organs, and of the whole organism. This review provides an overview of reversible modifications in protein thiols in the setting of CKD and renal replacement therapy. The evidence suggests that protein thiols, S-thiolated proteins, and the protein thiolation index are promising biomarkers of reversible oxidative stress that could be included in the routine monitoring of CKD and ESRD patients. 相似文献
32.
Angelo G. Giumanini Giancarlo Verardo Ennio Zangrando Lucia Lassiani 《Advanced Synthesis \u0026amp; Catalysis》1987,329(6):1087-1103
A product study of the reaction between a number of aromatic amines substituted with widely different groups and paraformaldehyde in inert solvents was performed and found to yield 1,3,5-triaryl-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazines, 1,3,5,7-tetraaryl-1,3,5,7-tetrazocines and formaminals. It was not possible to correlate the product outcomes with the actual structure of the amine substrate. The X-ray diffraction structural determination of 1,3,5-tri-(t-butylphenyl)-( 1b ) and 1,3,5-tri-(m-fluorophenyl)-1,3,5-hexahydrotriazine ( 1c ) showed the diaxial arrangement of the N-substituents. 相似文献
33.
Francesco Borgia Lucia Peterle Paolo Custurone Mario Vaccaro Giovanni Pioggia Sebastiano Gangemi 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(6)
Acne Vulgaris (AV) and Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are common chronic inflammatory skin conditions that affect the follicular units that often coexist or are involved in differential diagnoses. Inflammation in both these diseases may result from shared pathways, which may partially explain their frequent coexistence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous, short, non-protein coding, gene-silencing or promoting RNAs that may promote various inflammatory diseases. This narrative review investigates the current knowledge regarding miRNAs and their link to AV and HS. The aim is to examine the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of AV and HS and to identify possible common miRNAs that could explain the similar characteristics of these two diseases. Five miRNA (miR-155 miR-223-, miR-21, and miRNA-146a) levels were found to be altered in both HS and AV. These miRNAs are related to pathogenetic aspects common to both pathologies, such as the regulation of the innate immune response, regulation of the Th1/Th17 axis, and fibrosis processes that induce scar formation. This review provides a starting point for further studies aimed at investigating the role of miRNAs in AV and HS for their possible use as diagnostic-therapeutic targets. 相似文献
34.
Hossam M. Zawbaa Serena Schiano Lucia Perez-Gandarillas Crina Grosan A. Michrafy Chuan-Yu Wu 《Advanced Powder Technology》2018,29(12):2966-2977
In pharmaceutical development, it is very useful to exploit the knowledge of the causal relationship between product quality and critical material attributes (CMA) in developing new formulations and products, and optimizing manufacturing processes. With the big data captured in the pharmaceutical industry, computational intelligence (CI) models could potentially be used to identify critical quality attributes (CQA), CMA and critical process parameters (CPP). The objective of this study was to develop computational intelligence models for pharmaceutical tabletting processes, for which bio-inspired feature selection algorithms were developed and implemented for optimisation while artificial neural network (ANN) was employed to predict the tablet characteristics such as porosity and tensile strength. Various pharmaceutical excipients (MCC PH 101, MCC PH 102, MCC DG, Mannitol Pearlitol 200SD, Lactose, and binary mixtures) were considered. Granules were also produced with dry granulation using roll compaction. The feed powders and granules were then compressed at various compression pressures to produce tablets with different porosities, and the corresponding tensile strengths were measured. For the CI modelling, the efficiency of seven bio-inspired optimization algorithms were explored: grey wolf optimization (GWO), bat optimization (BAT), cuckoo search (CS), flower pollination algorithm (FPA), genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and social spider optimization (SSO). Two-thirds of the experimental dataset was randomly chosen as the training set, and the remaining was used to validate the model prediction. The model efficiency was evaluated in terms of the average reduction (representing the fraction of selected input variables) and the mean square error (MSE). It was found that the CI models can well predict the tablet characteristics (i.e. porosity and tensile strength). It was also shown that the GWO algorithm was the most accurate in predicting porosity. While the most accurate prediction for the tensile strength was achieved using the SSO algorithm. In terms of the average reduction, the GA algorithm resulted in the highest reduction of inputs (i.e. 60%) for predicting both the porosity and the tensile strength. 相似文献
35.
Priyalal Wijewarnasuriya Yuanping Chen Greg Brill Nibir Dhar David Benson Lucia Bubulac Dennis Edwall 《Journal of Electronic Materials》2010,39(7):1110-1117
We have performed a detailed study of dark current versus voltage to understand existing limitations in dark current and address
the nonuniformity of dark current in devices fabricated on HgCdTe grown on silicon substrates. One interesting observation
is that trap-assisted tunneling, g-r currents, are not found close to zero bias in certain devices. Devices from the low end
of the R
0
A distribution show heavy shunting paths close to zero bias. We believe that these shunting paths may be the limiting cause
of tail distributions in fabricated focal plane array tail distributions. Possible causes for these shunting paths are surface
charges associated with dislocation cores and impurity gettering at dislocation cores. The measured non-anti-reflection (AR)-coated
quantum efficiency (QE) was 0.576 at 78 K and displays the classical response versus wavelength. The measured QE on isolated
single devices is consistent with the 256 × 256 focal-plane array mean QE. Obtained average dark currents are on the order
of mid 10−5 A cm–2, which is one order of magnitude higher than dark currents obtained from arrays on lattice-matched substrates. On average,
arrays on lattice-mismatched substrates show performance characteristics inferior to those of arrays fabricated on lattice-matched
substrates. This inferior performance is due to array pixel operability, as can be seen from the tail of the distribution
and the average dark currents, which are one order of magnitude higher than those obtained on lattice-matched substrates. 相似文献
36.
Aquilanti L Garofalo C Osimani A Silvestri G Vignaroli C Clementi F 《Journal of food protection》2007,70(3):557-565
The transfer via the food chain from animals to humans of microbes that are resistant to antimicrobial agents is of increasing concern. To determine the contributions of nonpathogenic microflora to the occurrence and spread of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in the food chain, 123 lactic acid bacteria were isolated from 29 samples of raw and processed pork and chicken meat products that had previously tested positive for one or more AR genes that encode clinically relevant ARs: tet(M), tet(O), tet(K), erm(A), erm(B), erm(C), aac (6')-Ie aph (2")-Ia, mecA, and blaZ. All of the isolates were initially tested for their AR gene profiles by PCR. The 59 isolates carrying a tet, erm, or blaZ gene were taken through molecular identification, analyzed by determination of the MIC, and subjected to genetic fingerprinting. Lactococcus garvieae was the predominant species (28 isolates), followed by Lactobacillus plantarum (11 isolates) and L. salivarius (6 isolates), whereas Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, Lactobacillus johnsonii, L. reuteri, L. crispatus, and L. brevis were identified at lower frequencies. The tet(M) and erm(B) genes were the most frequently detected. Assessment of multiple resistances in 18 tet positive (tet+) isolates revealed that tet(M) plus erm(B) and tet(K) plus erm(B) were the most frequent AR gene patterns. Partial sequencing of the tet(M) open reading frame of three selected strains showed high sequence similarities (> 99%) with tet(M) genes previously found in human pathogens (Listeria monocytogenes and Neisseria meningitidis). Southern hybridization with plasmid profiles revealed these strains contained tet(M)-carrying plasmids. 相似文献
37.
Mario Gleria Francesco Minto Lucia Flamigni Pietro Bortolus 《Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers》1992,2(3):329-344
The synthesis and photochemical behavior both in solution and in the solid state of poly[bis(4-isopropylphenoxy)0.8 (4-benzoylphenoxy)1.2 phosphazene] is described. The main reaction of this material under illumination with light of a wavelength longer than 340 nm is the intramolecular abstraction of an hydrogen atom by the excited benzophenone substituent from the 4-isopropylphenoxy moiety geminally substituted on the same phosphorus of the phosphazene chain. In this way highly reactive radical species are produced which induce very efficient photo-cross-linking of the phosphazene copolymer and insolubilization. The efficiency of this process in the solid state is examined in view of the potential application of this material as a polyphosphazene-based negative photoresist. 相似文献
38.
The multi-scale Gibbs–Helmholtz constrained (GHC) equation is a new predictive cubic equation of state that constrains the energy parameter in the SRK equation to satisfy the Gibbs–Helmholtz equation. It makes use of internal energies of departure calculated from NTP Monte Carlo simulations at the molecular length scale and a novel up-scaling expression to determine the energy parameter at the bulk phase length scale. 相似文献
39.
Abstract Chlorine dioxide delignification (D0) modifies kraft residual lignin by oxidizing phenolic groups to both quinone and muconic acid structures. Alkaline extraction (E), in addition to removing solubilized lignin, converts quinone moieties to polyphenols. These polyphenols are easily oxidized by oxygen in an (EO) stage or by ClO2 in a D1 stage to hydroxyquinones (~1.8 mmol/g lignin). Pulps treated by D0E consume considerably more ClO2 in the D1 than D0(EO), and have lower bleachability, as was quantified by a simple bleaching model. Both D0E and D0(EO) pulps approach a common brightness ceiling (~83 ISO) when excess ClO2 is applied. Examination of the post‐D1 b* values indicates that D0E and D0(EO) also have similar asymptotic b* values (~6), indicating that both pulps have similar residual chromophores. Hydroxyquinone structures appear to be eliminated in the D1 stage for D0(EO) pulps, and at high ClO2 levels for D0E pulps. 相似文献
40.
Miklós Serényi Cesare Frigeri Zsolt Szekrényes Katalin Kamarás Lucia Nasi Attila Csik Nguyen Quoc Khánh 《Nanoscale research letters》2013,8(1):84
Differently hydrogenated radio frequency-sputtered a-Si layers have been studied by infrared (IR) spectroscopy as a function of the annealing time at 350°C with the aim to get a deeper understanding of the origin of blisters previously observed by us in a-Si/a-Ge multilayers prepared under the same conditions as the ones applied to the present a-Si layers. The H content varied between 10.8 and 17.6 at.% as measured by elastic recoil detection analysis. IR spectroscopy showed that the concentration of the clustered (Si-H)n groups and of the (Si-H2)n (n ≥ 1) polymers increased at the expense of the Si-H mono-hydrides with increasing annealing time, suggesting that there is a corresponding increase of the volume of micro-voids whose walls are assumed from literature to be decorated by the clustered mono-hydride groups and polymers. At the same time, an increase in the size of surface blisters was observed. Also, with increasing annealing time, the total concentration of bonded H of any type decreases, indicating that H is partially released from its bonds to Si. It is argued that the H released from the (Si-H)n complexes and polymers at the microvoid surfaces form molecular H2 inside the voids, whose size increases upon annealing because of the thermal expansion of the H2 gas, eventually producing plastic surface deformation in the shape of blisters. 相似文献