Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines nichtrostenden Chromstahls in karbonatisiertem Normal‐, Leicht‐ und Recyclingbeton

Um der Forderung nach Nachhaltigkeit nachzukommen, wird in den nächsten Jahren der Einsatz von Betonen mit rezyklierten Gesteinskörnungen (Beton‐ und Mischabbruch) zunehmen. Wegen den wärmedämmenden Eigenschaften wird auch der Bedarf an Betonen mit Leichtzuschlägen (z. B. Blähglas) steigen. Als wesentliches Element dieser Entwicklung werden für die Zementund Betonproduktion zunehmend Zemente mit reduziertem Portlandzementklinkergehalt sowie Zusatzstoffe wie Flugasche und Hüttensand verwendet. Damit nimmt der Karbonatisierungswiderstand der Betone tendenziell ab und das Risiko für Korrosionsschäden zu. Die nachfolgend vorgestellten Untersuchungen hatten zum Ziel, die Korrosionsbeständigkeit eines nichtrostenden Chromstahls (Top12, Zusammensetzung entspricht ungefähr dem Stahl mit der Werkstoffnummer 1.4003) in karbonatisiertem Beton mit unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung zu evaluieren, mit normalem Betonstahl zu vergleichen und zu beurteilen. Die Ergebnisse lassen den Schluss zu, dass der Top12, im Gegensatz zum normalen Betonstahl, in allen untersuchten Betonen und damit auch in stark karbonatisierten Recyclingbetonen beständig ist. Corrosion Resistance of a Stainless Chromium‐Steel in Carbonated Ordinary, Light‐Weight and Recycling Concrete In order to achieve the goals for a sustainable development, concrete with recycled aggregates (concrete and mixtures from concrete and masonry, e.g. clay bricks and calcium silicate blocks etc.) is going to be used more and more in the future. Due to its thermal insulating properties, the demand for concrete with light‐weight aggregates (e.g. foam glass) will also increase. As an essential element of this development, an increasing amount of cements with a reduced clinker factor as well as of mineral additions such as fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag is used for concrete production. Therefore, as a general tendency, the carbonation resistance of concrete mixes decreases while the risk of corrosion damages increases. The goal of the investigations described in this paper was to evaluate and to assess the corrosion resistance of a stainless rebar (Top12, composition corresponds approx. to steel grade 1.4003) in various carbonated concrete mixes and to compare the results with common rebars. The results lead to the conclusion that, in contrast to common rebars, Top12 is durable in all investigated concrete mixes, including strongly carbonated recycling concretes.     

Yttrium incorporation in Cr2AlC: On the metastable phase formation and decomposition of (Cr,Y)2AlC MAX phase thin films

Herein we report on the synthesis of a metastable (Cr,Y)₂AlC MAX phase solid solution by co-sputtering from a composite Cr–Al–C and elemental Y target, at room temperature, followed by annealing. However, direct high-temperature synthesis resulted in multiphase films, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction analyses, room-temperature depositions, followed by annealing to 760°C led to the formation of phase pure (Cr,Y)₂AlC by diffusion. Higher annealing temperatures caused a decomposition of the metastable phase into Cr₂AlC, Y₅Al₃, and Cr-carbides. In contrast to pure Cr₂AlC, the Y-containing phase crystallizes directly in the MAX phase structure instead of first forming a disordered solid solution. Furthermore, the crystallization temperature was shown to be Y-content dependent and was increased by ∼200°C for 5 at.% Y compared to Cr₂AlC. Calculations predicting the metastable phase formation of (Cr,Y)₂AlC and its decomposition are in excellent agreement with the experimental findings.     

Ruthenium- and Osmium-Arene Complexes of 2-Substituted Indolo[3,2-c]quinolines: Synthesis, Structure, Spectroscopic Properties, and Antiproliferative Activity

The synthesis of new modified indolo[3,2-c]quinoline ligands L(1)-L(8) with metal-binding sites is reported. By coordination to ruthenium- and osmium-arene moieties 16 complexes of the type [(η(6)-p-cymene)M(L)Cl]Cl (1a,b-8a,b), where M is Ru(II) or Os(II) and L is L(1)-L(8), have been prepared. All compounds were comprehensively characterized by elemental analysis, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, IR, UV-vis, and NMR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (2a, 4a, 4b, 5a, 7a, and 7b). The complexes were tested for antiproliferative activity in vitro in three human cancer cell lines, namely, CH1 (ovarian carcinoma), SW480 (colon adenocarcinoma), and A549 (non-small-cell lung cancer), yielding IC(50) values in the submicromolar or low micromolar range.     

Offshore wind power grid connection—The impact of shallow versus super-shallow charging on the cost-effectiveness of public support

Public support for electricity generation from renewable energy sources is commonly funded by non-voluntary transfers from electricity consumers to producers. Apparently, the cost-effective disposition of funds in terms of induced capacity deployment has to be regarded a key criterion for the success of renewable energy policy.     

Stabiler korrosionsbeständiger Drucksensor für die chemische Verfahrenstechnik

It is described a ceramical pressure sensor, working on a capacitive based measuring method. The pressure sensor has proved meanwhile its precise and reliable working capability in different applications, for instance in chemical process engineering. For the electronic a customer specified circuit (ASIC) is used. The advantages of the sensor are shown. The latest developments with regard to the sensing element and the evaluation circuit are sketched. So there are new applications rising up for this sensor.     

Evaluation of Stable LifeAct-mRuby2- and LAMP1-NeonGreen Expressing A549 Cell Lines for Investigation of Aspergillus fumigatus Interaction with Pulmonary Cells

Inhaled Aspergillus fumigatus spores can be internalized by alveolar type II cells. Cell lines stably expressing fluorescently labeled components of endocytic pathway enable investigations of intracellular organization during conidia internalization and measurement of the process kinetics. The goal of this report was to evaluate the methodological appliance of cell lines for studying fungal conidia internalization. We have generated A549 cell lines stably expressing fluorescently labeled actin (LifeAct-mRuby2) and late endosomal protein (LAMP1-NeonGreen) following an evaluation of cell-pathogen interactions in live and fixed cells. Our data show that the LAMP1-NeonGreen cell line can be used to visualize conidia co-localization with LAMP1 in live and fixed cells. However, caution is necessary when using LifeAct-mRuby2-cell lines as it may affect the conidia internalization dynamics.     

Synthesis of Allylarenes via Catalytic Decarboxylation of Allyl Benzoates

A catalyst system consisting of the palladium(0) complex Pd₂(dba)₃ and tri(p‐tolyl)phosphine was found to efficiently promote the decarboxylation of allyl benzoates with formation of allylarenes. This catalytic C O activation followed by extrusion of carbon dioxide and C C bond formation represents a sustainable alternative to traditional waste‐intensive cross‐couplings. The scope of the transformation includes allyl and cinnamyl esters of various ortho‐substituted benzoic acids. For particularly activated substrates, the palladium catalyst can optionally be replaced by an inexpensive nickel complex.