Expression Patterns of Sugar Transporter Genes in the Allocation of Assimilates and Abiotic Stress in Lily

During the growth cycle of lilies, assimilates undergo a process of accumulation, consumption and reaccumulation in bulbs and are transported and allocated between aboveground and underground organs and tissues. The sink–source relationship changes with the allocation of assimilates, affecting the vegetative growth and morphological establishment of lilies. In this study, the carbohydrate contents in different tissues of five critical stages during lily development were measured to observe the assimilates allocation. The results showed bulbs acted as the main source to provide energy before the budding stage (S3); after the flowering stage (S4), bulbs began to accumulate assimilates as a sink organ again. During the period when the plant height was 30cm with leaf-spread (S2), leaves mainly accumulated assimilates from bulbs through the symplastic pathway, while when leaves were fully expanded, it transformed to export carbohydrates. At the S4 stage, flowers became a new active sink with assimilates influx. To further understand the allocation of assimilates, 16 genes related to sugar transport and metabolism (ST genes) were identified and categorized into different subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis, and their protein physicochemical properties were also predicted. Tissue-specific analysis showed that most of the genes were highly expressed in stems and petals, and it was mainly the MST (monosaccharide transporter) genes that were obviously expressed in petals during the S4 stage, suggesting that they may be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in flowers and thus affect flower development process. LoSWEET14 (the Sugar will eventually be exported transporters) was significantly correlated with starch in scales and with soluble sugar in leaves. Sugar transporters LoHXT6 and LoSUT1 were significantly correlated with soluble sugar and sucrose in leaves, suggesting that these genes may play key roles in the accumulation and transportation of assimilates in lilies. In addition, we analyzed the expression patterns of ST genes under different abiotic stresses, and the results showed that all genes were significantly upregulated. This study lays a solid foundation for further research on molecular mechanism of sink–source change and response to abiotic stresses in lilies.     

Experimental study on prediction model of wet gas pressure drop across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes in the low gas phase Froude number region

The pressure drop prediction of wet gas across single-orifice plate in horizontal pipes had been solved satisfactorily under an annular-mist flow in the upstream of orifice plates. However, this pressure drop prediction is still not clearly determined when the upstream is in an intermittent flow or stratified flow, which is corresponding to a region of low Fr_G (gas phase Froude number) in the flow pattern map of wet gases. In this study, the wet gas pressure drop across a single-orifice plate was experimentally investigated in the low Fr_G region. By the experiment, the flow pattern transition in the downstream of single-orifice plates, as well as the effects of Fr_G and Fr_L (liquid phase Froude number) on Φ_G (gas phase multiplier), were determined and compared when the upstream is in the flow pattern transition and the stratified flow region, respectively. Prediction performances were examined on the available pressure drop models. It was found that no model could be capable of jointly predicting the wet gas pressure drop in the low Fr_G region with an acceptable accuracy. With a new method of correlating Fr_G and Fr_L simultaneously, new correlations were proposed for the low Fr_G region. Among which the modified Chisholm model shows the best prediction accuracies, with the prediction deviations of Φ_G being within 7% and 3% when the upstream is in flow pattern transition and stratified flow region, respectively.     

乳液聚合法制备石蜡基相变储能材料及热物性研究

将石蜡真空浸渍于膨胀蛭石中,以其共同作为内相,丙烯酰胺水溶液作为外相,制得水包油乳液,引发剂使外相聚合,得到形状稳定的复合相变储热颗粒。测试结果表明：乳化剂和膨胀蛭石分别为石蜡质量的6%和2%时,熔融焓数值为128.79 J/g,石蜡的包覆率为72.80%;复合颗粒的形状是表面规整的球体,颗粒大小均匀;经过100次循环后,熔融焓只降低2.18%;复合颗粒在470 ℃以下有较好的热稳定性。膨胀蛭石与聚丙烯酰胺对石蜡的二次封装可有效提高复合体系防泄露能力,具有可靠的储能和温度调节性能。     

2014年我国热固性工程塑料进展

根据2014年国内公开发表的文献,综述了我国热固性树脂及其塑料的开发研究状况。2014年我国热固性工程塑料的研究开发集中在环氧树脂、聚氨酯和酚醛树脂等大品种树脂的增强增韧及功能化上。利用各种新型树脂或固化剂、无机纳米粒子或功能型助剂等对传统热固性工程塑料的改性取得了较多的成果。     

固体溶质在超临界流体中溶解度计算方程的改进

关于固体物质在超临界流体 ( SF)中溶解度计算方程的改进 ,是在以相平衡为基础的两参数模型方程基础上提出了一个四参数的改进式 ,其中 ,两个普遍化参数用于修正模型简化及估算误差产生的偏差 ;用P- R方程计算逸度系数时将相互作用能参数 Kij修正为 sin ( Kij) ,可使计算搜索快捷准确。利用文献中 2 0组二元物系试验数据对改进模型进行了验算 ,结果表明关联精度明显优于原来的方程     

提高白水泥厂洗矿效率的措施探索

白水泥生产工艺中,其洗矿流程和洗矿设备的选用对洗矿效率影响很大,从而直接影响白水泥产品的白度指标。文章以一白水泥生产线的为例,分析了该线洗矿流程存在的系列问题与缺陷;在此基础上,进行了工艺流程改造和洗矿设备结构改造二方面的技术途径探讨。从理论上分析,文章所介绍的二方面改造方案是可行的,效果也是可以预见的。     

Human thermoregulation model for estimating thermal protection performance of anti-G garments

The body temperature of pilots wearing anti-G garments becomes uncomfortably or even dangerously high in moderate to hot environments.To reduce the body heat stress,thermal characteristics and thermal protection performance of anti-G garments should be studied systematically,but up to now there is no related research to simulate the anti-G garment thermal protection performance.First,a human thermoregulation model is established which can analyze blood convective heat exchange and the central blood temperature fluctuation,according to this model the heat and mass transfer processes of a thermal system are simulated which consists of human body,an anti-G garment,and the surrounding environment,then on the base of this thermal system simulation influences of clothing permeability,thermal resistance and bladder coverage on anti-G garments are analyzed.Calculation of the human thermoregulation model is carried out by using finite element method.Experiments are conducted in 35 ℃ and 40 ℃ climate chambers,and model built above is well validated by these experiments.Model simulation reveals that low thermal resistance and high permeability of anti-G garments reduce body heat stress in moderate environments.In hot environments,however,anti-G garments with lower thermal resistance increase body heat stress.The body heat stress rises significantly as the bladder coverage area of anti-G garments increases.Anti-G garments thermal parameters can be appropriately designed by using the model built in this paper to ensure body physiological requirements.     

A Wear Detection Parameter for the Wheel–Rail Contact Based on Emitted Noise

This article describes how a wheel–rail wear detection parameter based on noise was developed by running a rapid transit train instrumented with microphones in a depot with a small curve radius. This full-scale test made use of previous knowledge gained from lab-scale tests. The lab- and full-scale tests showed that noise could be used as an indicator of wear transition, when normal wear turns into severe or catastrophic wear. This transition was accompanied by a significant increase in sound pressure and a broader sound pressure amplitude spectrum; that is, a narrow initial amplitude distribution in the normal wear regime and a broader distribution in the severe wear regime. The measured noise from the inner/low and outer/high rails was analyzed in conjunction with the wear from the outer wheel and comparisons were made between cleaned (exposed to severe wear) and lubricated (no wear) rail. Based on those analyses, a wear detection parameter criterion was developed for this specific train. This wear parameter has been implemented in a real-time condition monitoring system so that warnings of the risk for severe wear could be sent to the maintenance department. Validation of the wear parameter and challenges linked to open system conditions are discussed in this article.     

浅析英法哥特建筑的发展

哥特式建筑于11世纪开始登上历史舞台,它在这个舞台上闪耀了8个世纪,也影响了整个欧洲乃至全世界的建筑风格。文章就英法两国哥特式建筑风格在不同历史背景下的发展和形成原因进行对比分析,并挖掘其历史成因和文化内涵。     

硫酸钠型激发剂对混凝土性能影响研究

本文探讨了激发剂Na₂SO₄、三乙醇胺、NaNO₂及三者复掺在混凝土中的应用研究。结果表明:少量的Na₂SO₄、三乙醇胺、NaNO₂均有利于提高混凝土坍落度及早期强度,但Na₂SO₄、NaNO₂复掺不利于混凝土后期强度的增长。而Na₂SO₄、三乙醇胺复掺既有利于提高混凝土早期强度,又有利于提高混凝土后期强度。适当比例的Na₂SO₄、三乙醇胺、NaNO₂标养条件下可以大幅度提高混凝土早期强度,负温下则可起到良好的防冻效果。