Cavitation Damage of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy SRR99 during creep at 850°C

Various heat treatments of the single-crystal nickel-base superalloy SRR99 have been carried out to produce a wide range of initial γ′ phase morphology. The cavitation damage has been studied after creep fracture at 850°C and stresses between 400MPa and 650 Mpa. The crep fracture surfaces and longitudinal sections of crept specimens have been examined by image analysing system in order to determine the size distribution and the area fraction of (001)-planes cracks on fracture surface characterise the creep crack damage level. The cracking morphology in fractured material as a function of stress and γ′-phase size has also been investigated. The results show, that crack propagation occurred anisotropically on (001) crystallographic planes perpendicular to the aplied stress along the γ/γ′ interfaces. It was found, that creep cracks dependent on the shape and size of γ′-phases developing at the temperature and stress level.     

Yeast exo-β-glucanases can be used as efficient and readily detectable reporter genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast exo-1,3-β-glucanases are secretable proteins whose function is basically trophic and may also be involved in cell wall glucan hydrolytic processes. Since fluorescein di(β-D -glucopyranoside) is a fluorogenic substrate detectable and quantifiable by flow cytometry, it was used for testing the ability of the EXG1 gene product of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its homologous gene in Candida albicans to function as reporter genes. These open reading frames were coupled to different promoters in multicopy plasmids, and exoglucanase activity quantified at flow cytometry. Exoglucanases were found to be useful tools for the study of promoter regions in S. cerevisiae. This technique has the advantage over other reporter gene systems—such as β-galactosidase fusions—that it does not require permeabilization of yeast cells and therefore it allows the recovery of viable cells—by sorting—after flow cytometry analysis.     

Numerische Simulation der Faserbewegung beim Strangpressen kurzfaserverstärkter Glasschmelzen

Numerical Simulation of the Fibre-Motion during the Extrusion of Short-Fibre-Reinforced Glass-Melts Fibre-reinforced materials are characterized by an anisotropic behaviour of the mechanical properties, which is caused by the alignment of the embedded fibres. In the case of short-fibre-compounds this behaviour is strongly influenced by the mechanism of flow during the manufacturing process. Numerical simulation Methods are preferentially used to get informations about the orientation of the reinforced fibres at the end of the molding-process and to improve the properties of the compound. For that, a model is developed, which calculates the motion of the short-fibres in the area of flow, basing on a three-dimensional finite-element-computation. Thereby the interaction between the Particular fibres during the orientation process is considered by using an interaction coefficient. Examplified at the extrusion of short fibre reinforced glass-melts, the fibre orientation is determined at models with different geometries of the pressing tool and variable boundary conditions. This procedure allows to determine the influence of the process-parameters On the expected quality of the composite. The represented simulation-model can also be used for other molding- and extrusion-processes of fibre reinforced materials.     

High speed BiCMOS current mode differential track-and-hold circuit

A new principle for a high speed BiCMOS differential track-and-hold circuit based on current mode processing is presented, and simulation results are given. The main characteristics are an acquisition time of 5.5 ns for 8 bit precision and a small-signal bandwidth of 1 GHz     

SO2 SCRUBBING BY ULTRAFINE CA(OH)2 AEROSOL

The objective of the present study was to generate submicrometer calcium hydroxide aerosols and to investigate the effectiveness of such aerosols in sulfur capture. The effectiveness of SO₂ removal by Ca(OH)₂ aerosol has been investigated in an isothermal reactor. Ca(OH) ₂ aerosol was generated by a novel fluidizer system in which submicrometer-sized powders were entrained in gases. SO₂ was added to this aerosol to a concentration of 2000 ppm. The aerosol-SO₂ mixture was heated to 550°C-750°C in an isothermal tube reactor. The SO₂ removal efficiency, which varied from 20% to 70%, was determined to be a function of the aerosol concentration, reactor temperature and residence time. The fraction of aerosol reacted was not affected strongly by the aerosol concentration. The reaction kinetics were determined from the experimental data using a simple analytical model in which the rate is first order in both SO₂ and calcium hydroxide aerosol concentrations.     

Bridging process and structure through criteria

Scholars in design face two central challenges in design methods inquiry: firstly, to integrate process and solution, and secondly, to examine developmental junctures leading to innovation. With these goals in mind, we maintain that design criteria deserve greater attention and illustrate this position with a study of noted designers' use of criteria. The primary finding was that five criteria functions were considered during the design process. The study also explored potential relationships between designer variables (i.e., professional expertise and personality type) and criteria use.