The effects of vibrations on the forces of external friction of soils

Conclusions 1. The experiments showed that the actual characteristics of resistance to shearing of a vibrating (in the direction of the action of the shearing force) surface on soil differs greatly from that determined only during the effect of a single loading.2. In dry sand this resistance most nearly corresponds to the hypothesis of dry friction, during which the coefficients of external friction due to the effect of vibrations appear much less (five times in this experiment) than the static, which, evidently, explains the formation of the effect of roll over of the grain and sand in the boundary layer.3. In moist sands and water saturated sands and also in soft sandy loams, the form of friction approximates viscous friction during vibrations. At standard pressures from 0.5 to 1 kg/cm², i.e., near to that observed during pile driving, the coefficient of visous friction appears equal for low-moisture course sands; 0.3 to 0.5 kg · sec/cm; for water saturated sands; 0.2 to 0.5 kg · sec/cm; for soft sandy loams; 1.4 to 1.6 kg · sec/cm.Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, Vol. 1 No. 3, pp. 5–8, March, 1964     

On chapter II-B.2-62 of construction standards and rules, "footings and foundations of buildings and structures on slumping soils. Designing standards"

The editorial office has received several comments in regard to the new standard specifications for the design of buildings and structures on slumping soils. The articles of M. K. Druzhinin and E. N. Skvaletskii are printed in this issue.Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 1, pp. 27–29, January–February, 1964