Modeling phosphorus in the upper Etowah River basin: identifying sources under uncertainty.

The Uniform Covering by Probabilistic Rejection (UCPR) algorithm was used, in conjunction with the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model, to identify P loads from point source and nonpoint source polluters in the upper Etowah River basin (UERB) in Georgia. The key findings of the research are as follows. The mean absolute error was preferred over the root mean square error as a search criterion for the UCPR algorithm when water quality observations are scarce. The undocumented P load from point sources in the UERB was consistently estimated as about 43 kg/d by the proposed method; but the method was not able to identify the broiler litter application rate to the poultry/beef operation pastures. Point sources (both documented and undocumented), poultry/beef operation pastures, and forests are the three major contributors of P. During 1992-1996, on average they accounted for 36.4, 31.7, and 17.2% of P load from the UERB, respectively.     

Recovering spectral data from natural scenes with an RGB digital camera and colored filters

Many spectral‐recovery methods using RGB digital cameras assume the underlying smoothness of illuminant and reflectance spectra, and apply low‐dimensional linear models. The aim of the present work was to test whether a direct‐mapping method could be used instead of a linear‐models approach to recover spectral radiances and reflectances from natural scenes with an RGB digital camera and colored filters. In computer simulations, a conventional RGB digital camera with up to three colored filters was used to image scenes drawn from a hyperspectral image database. Three measures were used to evaluate recovery with the direct‐mapping method: goodness‐of‐fit, root‐mean‐square error, and a color‐difference metric. It was found that with two and three filters both spectral radiances and reflectances could be recovered sufficiently accurately for many practical applications. With little increase in computational complexity, an RGB camera and a few colored filters can provide significantly better recovery of natural scenes than an RGB camera alone. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 32, 352–360, 2007     

Interactive Design of 3D Computer-Animated Legged Animal Motion

A visually interactive approach to the design of 3D computer-animated legged animal motion in the context of the PODA computer animation system is presented. The design process entails the interactive specification of parameters that drive a computational model for animal movement. The animator incrementally modifies a framework for establishing desired limb and body motion as well as the constraints imposed by physical dynamics (Newtonian mechanical properties) and temporal restrictions. PODA uses the desired motion and constraints specified by the animator to produce motion through an idealized model of the animal's adaptive dynamic control strategies.     

Comments on "A multivariable generalized self-tuning controller with decoupling design"

The weighting matrices used in the paper for nonminimum phase systems appear to lead to cancellation of the process zeros.     

A 16-Mbit/s adapter chip for the IBM token-ring local area network

The authors describe a 9.02×9.02-mm chip built in 1-μm CMOS with two levels of metal and an additional mask level for fabricating capacitors. It contains both analog and digital circuits and has provisions for self-test. The function includes the transmitter, receiver, protocol handler, an microprocessor, as well as interfaces for RAM/ROM storage, IBM PC bus, IBM PS/2 bus, IBM 3174 bus, and Motorola 68000 bus. The physical design terrains are formed by 24K circuits of standard cell gates, a 10K-circuit equivalent hand-honed custom microprocessor, and an analog macro. The chip operates from a single 5-V supply, and the power consumption is 0.8 W nominal at 16 Mb/s. The chip can also be operated at 4 Mb/s     

Optimal characteristic polynomials for digital multistep pseudorandom numbers

The digital multistep method generates uniform pseudorandom numbers by transforming sequences of integers obtained by multistep recursions. The statistical independence properties of these pseudorandom numbers depend on the characteristic polynomial of the recursion. We describe a method of calculating characteristic polynomials that are optimal with respect to statistical independence of pairs of successive pseudorandom numbers. Tables of such optimal characteristic polynomials for degrees ≤64 are included.     

Effects of Sodium Hydroxide and Selected Inorganic Phosphates on the Characteristics of Reduced Sodium Meat Emulsions

The effects of adding sodium hydroxide (NaOH), separately or in combinastion with various inorganic phosphates, on meat emulsion characteristics were studied. In comparing the addition of either NaPP or NaOH, 0.075% NaOH resulted in a higher raw emulsion pH and greater solubilized protein than 0.30% NaPP, but NaPP resulted in a more stable emulsion. The combination of 0.075% NaOH and 0.30% NaPP resulted in a soluble protein level less than when the ingredients were added individually and only slightly higher than if neither were present. The addition of NaOH (at 1 part NaOH to 4 parts phosphate) decreased cooked yields. With NaAPP and NaPP, NaOH reduced yields below that of the control.