从原油中脱除石油酸技术现状与研究进展

介绍了近几年来国内外发展起来的石油脱酸技术方法,其中重点介绍了碱洗脱酸技术、氨醇脱酸技术、加氢脱酸技术、热分解脱酸技术、溶剂抽提脱酸技术等除去油中环烷酸技术,分析对比了各种脱酸技术的优劣,并阐述了脱酸分离技术在国内外的研究现状及发展趋势。     

A GROUP-CONTRIBUTION METHOD INVOLVING SPECIFIC GRAVITY AS A PARAMETER FOR ESTIMATING CRITICAL TEMPERATURES

A new group-contribution method involving specific gravity as a parameter is proposed for predicting criticaltemperature.Being appliable to all kinds of organic compounds,it gives an average percent deviation of 0.88%for 93 compounds and is particularly useful to those substances for which the normal boiling points are stillunknown.     

Potential difference across subcellular particle membranes. II. Compensation method of measurement

"Zero-loop" of the molecular potential transformer of submitochondrial particles (SMP) is separated from the remaining electron transfer chain by rotenone, and its e.m.f. ET=0,003+RT/2F in [NADP X H] [NAD+]/[NADP+] [NAD X H] volts is used in the compensative method of measurement of the potential difference across the SMP membrane (delta USMP). The phospholipid membrane, measuring the concentration of the penetrating anions in the solution contained SMP, is used as "zero-indicators". This concentration drops monotonically with increase in delta USMP. Delta USMP is equal to ET when the addition of substrates of transhydrogenase reaction with definite ET does not change the potential across phospholipid membrane.     

Cytological effect of nogalamycin in mammals and regression of methylcholanthrene-induced and spontaneous tumors in rats

In experiments carried out on Wistar rats ultrastructrual charges of hepatocytes were studied during long-term carcinogenesis due to N-Nitrosomorpholine administered as a 20 mg% solution in drinking water. Carcinoma usually developed after the 20th week of the experiment. The development of the tumour was preceded by early dystrophic changes and, later, by a precancerous posttoxic "glycogenosis". The structural alterations as observed during the precancerous stage were rather noncharacteristic so that they did not permit to disclose the exact point of neoplastic change of the hepatocytes. Nevertheless, the model of carcinogenesis as demonstrated here appears to be a rather standard one and seems to be suitable for studying oncological problems of general character.     

Dislocations of the upper extremity in children

Traumatic dislocations and subluxations of the upper extremity in children have been surveyed. The elbow joint is most commonly dislocated and is dislocated more frequently in children than in adults. Severe neurovascular injury may be associated with dislocation of this joint. The most common subluxation is that of the radial head, secondary to a "pulled elbow." Otherwise dislocations and subluxations of the upper extremity are uncommon in children, apparently because of the relative weakness of the epiphyseal plate. Most of these injuries are the result of predictable indirect forces. Principles of reduction and immobilization are based on the unique anatomic structure of the joint involved and the known anatomic disruption resulting from the trauma.     

Diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia for open heart surgery "micro-mini" drip administration technique

Two hundred open heart cases anaesthetized with a combination of diazepam-ketamine using "Micro-Mini" drip administration technique were presented. The results were eminently desirable, and in the opinion of the authors are a notable improvement over other methods for all types of cardiovascular surgery including most advanced heart diseases. The advantages of this anaesthetic method for cardiovascular surgery are as follows: 1. Effects on cardiovascular system are minimal.--2. Respiratory depression is negligible.--3. There is no increase in salivation or muscle tone.--4. Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia are simple and smooth.--5. Anaesthesia can be maintained, using a high concentration of oxygen alone, by a slight increase in rate of ketamine administration whenever necessary.--6. Post-anaesthetic psychotomimetic effects are negligible.--7. Nearly 100% of patients have excellent amnesia.--8. It has a wide margin of safety.--9. This technique has proved highly acceptable to patients and surgeons. We feel ketamine should be used in small dosages continuously administered with either "Micro-Mini" drip infusion or infusion pump. Ketamine given in this fashion should be regarded as an analgesic.     

Diazepam-ketamine anaesthesia for open heart surgery a "micro-mini" drip administration technique

Two hundred open-heart cases were anaesthetized with a diazepam-ketamine combination. The results were excellent. A "Micro-Mini" drip technique insured low, even, but adequate dose levels of ketamine and less drug was used. Induction and maintenance are simple and smooth. Effects on the cardiovascular system and respiratory system are minimal. The margin of safety is wide and 100% oxygen can be used whenever needed.     

Acceptability of three convenience chicken products

Three convenience products--frozen, precooked chicken apple fritters, chicken breast fillets, and chicken patties--provided by one processor were subjectively evaluated by two taste panels of older adults, ranging in age from the sixties to middle eighties. The panelists represented a middle-income group maintaining private homes and a low-income group living in public housing. Both panels rated each product above "good" (score=4) or "fair" (score=3) on four acceptability factors and the overall score. Although mean scores of the low-income taste panel on all factors were generally higher for all products, the only significant difference (P less than .01) pertained to the appearance factor. Both panels indicated willingness to buy all three products.     

Psychohysical hallucinations of orientation and spatial frequency

After inspection of vertical sinusoidal gratings at least three distinct types of subjective or "hallucinated" patterns can be seen on a uniform test field. One type, here called horizontal streaming (H), is already well-known from the work of MacKay. A second type (V) looks like aroughly sinusoidal grating about 1-5 octaves above the adapting spitial frequency. Under optimal conditions a second vertical component appears at about 2 octaves below the adapting frequency. The third category of aftereffect consists of diagonal lines (D) at two orientations (about +/-40 degrees from vertical). The spatial-frequency band at these two orientations appears to be fairly broad, but roughly similar to the adapting frequency. The duration and strength of D increased, while V declined, at higher adapting spatial frequencies. D and V were increasing functions of adapting contrast, while H appeared abruptly only after the highest adapting contrast. H, D, and V are thus all functionally distinct. A schematic model of cortical organization is proposed to account for these phenomena. Pattern channels selective for a given orientation are grouped together with movement channels selective for the orthogonal direction. Antagonism between channels within such "modules" accounts for the streaming effect (H). Inhibition between modules tuned to different orientations and spatial frequencies accounts for the D and V effects: after adaptation of channels in one module, neighbouring module(s) are released from inhibition to produce a spurious response which is seen as a grating-like object in the adapted part of the visual field. During flickering adaptation a "halluncinated" lattice can be seen superimposed on the adapting grating. It apparently consists of Fourier components more remote from the adapting pattern than D and V are. This disinhibitory effect is strong confirmation of the inhibitory model. The regular and highly organized matrix of channels implied by these experiments may constitute a cortical hypercolumn conducting a coarse, piecewise Fourier transformation of the retinal image.     

ZAO透明导电薄膜的制备及性质

ZAO（ZnO：Al）透明导电薄膜是一种具有高的载离子浓度和宽禁带的半导体氧化物，电学和光学性能优异。极具应用前景。本文介绍了ZAO薄膜的制备现状、特性、磁控溅射参数对其电学和光学性质的影响以及今后研究的方向。