全桥MMC型融冰装置充电启动策略研究

本文针对MMC型直流融冰装置提出了一种新的充电启动策略,以减小装置启动时的冲击电流.通过对启动过程中子模块充电各阶段进行分析,研究了子模块直流电容电压和启动电流的相互关系,得出无冲击电流的子模块电容电压的最小值.提出了一种启动冲击电流小、安全可靠的启动策略.对这种启动策略进行了理论分析,推导了启动过程的解析公式,得出了理论最大充电功率,在减小冲击电流的情况下,启动时间最短.并在一台全桥MMC型融冰装置上实施.实验效果与之前通用启动策略仿真数据相比,大大减小了的MMC装置启动充电过程中的冲击电流的幅值,提高了设备运行的可靠性,验证了该启动控制策略的优越性.该技术对MMC柔性直流输电的启动策略也具有参考价值.     

不同配置模式下分布式光伏发电并网接纳仿真

针对分布式光伏发电的间歇性、不确定性特点,解决其并网接入给配电网带来的难题,提出不同配置模式下分布式光伏发电并网接纳计算方法,通过构建分布式光伏发电接纳容量计算模型,以最大光伏电站接入总量为优化目标,以旋转备用容量、常规机组爬坡速率、网络传输等为约束条件,分析电网侧、分布式发电侧两种配置模式下储能参与电网电压调节的能力,展开分布式光伏发电并网接纳计算.仿真计算分析结果表明:天气状况可干扰分布式光伏出力情况,日间输出功率差异显著;储能配置在电网侧模式比储能配置在分布式发电侧模式的配电网分布式光伏发电接纳效果提升30％左右.     

Ovule Development and in Planta Transformation of Paphiopedilum Maudiae by Agrobacterium-Mediated Ovary-Injection

In this paper, the development of the Paphiopedilum Maudiae embryo sac at different developmental stages after pollination was assessed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. The mature seeds of P. Maudiae consisted of an exopleura and a spherical embryo, but without an endosperm, while the inner integument cells were absorbed by the developing embryo. The P. Maudiae embryo sac exhibited an Allium type of development. The time taken for the embryo to develop to a mature sac was 45-50 days after pollination (DAP) and most mature embryo sacs had completed fertilization and formed zygotes by about 50–54 DAP. In planta transformation was achieved by injection of the ovaries by Agrobacterium, resulting in 38 protocorms or seedlings after several rounds of hygromycin selection, corresponding to 2, 7, 5, 1, 3, 4, 9, and 7 plantlets from Agrobacterium-mediated ovary-injection at 30, 35, 42, 43, 45, 48, 50, and 53 DAP, respectively. Transformation efficiency was highest at 50 DAP (2.54%), followed by 2.48% at 53 DAP and 2.45% at 48 DAP. Four randomly selected hygromycin-resistant plants were GUS-positive after PCR analysis. Semi-quantitative PCR and quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed the expression of the hpt gene in the leaves of eight hygromycin-resistant seedlings following Agrobacterium-mediated ovary-injection at 30, 35, 42, 43, 45, 48, 50, and 53 DAP, while hpt expression was not detected in the control. The best time to inject P. Maudiae ovaries in planta with Agrobacterium is 48-53 DAP, which corresponds to the period of fertilization. This protocol represents the first genetic transformation protocol for any Paphiopedilum species and will allow for expanded molecular breeding programs to introduce useful and interesting genes that can expand its ornamental and horticulturally important characteristics.     

Synthesis and xylene isomers adsorption of silicalite-1 crystals with intracrystalline mesopores aided by 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane and polyethene glycol

Journal of Porous Materials - Well-defined silicalite-1 crystals with intracrystalline mesopores were successfully synthesized in the presence of 3-glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane (GPTMS) and...     

Effect of Polyhexamethylene Biguanide in Combination with Undecylenamidopropyl Betaine or PslG on Biofilm Clearance

Hospital-acquired infection is a great challenge for clinical treatment due to pathogens’ biofilm formation and their antibiotic resistance. Here, we investigate the effect of antiseptic agent polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB) and undecylenamidopropyl betaine (UB) against biofilms of four pathogens that are often found in hospitals, including Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, and pathogenic fungus, Candida albicans. We show that 0.02% PHMB, which is 10-fold lower than the concentration of commercial products, has a strong inhibitory effect on the growth, initial attachment, and biofilm formation of all tested pathogens. PHMB can also disrupt the preformed biofilms of these pathogens. In contrast, 0.1% UB exhibits a mild inhibitory effect on biofilm formation of the four pathogens. This concentration inhibits the growth of S. aureus and C. albicans yet has no growth effect on P. aeruginosa or E. coli. UB only slightly enhances the anti-biofilm efficacy of PHMB on P. aeruginosa biofilms. However, pretreatment with PslG, a glycosyl hydrolase that can efficiently inhibit and disrupt P. aeruginosa biofilm, highly enhances the clearance effect of PHMB on P. aeruginosa biofilms. Meanwhile, PslG can also disassemble the preformed biofilms of the other three pathogens within 30 min to a similar extent as UB treatment for 24 h.     

基于价电子理论的Ag-Sn金属间化合物形成机理

SnAgCu焊点中的金属间化合物(intermetallic compounds,IMCs)Ag3 Sn脆性大且电阻高,对焊点可靠性具有重要影响,有必要明确其形成过程和相变机制以控制其生长.采用固体与分子经验电子理论(empirical electron theory,EET)研究Ag-Sn系统中的主要扩散元素及原子运动路径,应用自洽键距差(self-consistent bond length difference,SCBLD)法计算了Ag-Sn系统内参与反应相的价电子结构及可能形成的固溶体的结合能,根据结合能变化趋势从价电子层面描述出Ag3 Sn在焊点内部的形成过程.研究结果表明:Ag-Sn系统中的主要扩散元素为Sn,Sn原子进入Ag晶胞形成固溶体,固溶体内原子重新排布,形成结合能更高、排布更均匀的共价键,造成晶格膨胀,位于(110)晶面和面心位置的Ag原子随之向外扩张,形成了同样具有良好对称性的Ag3 Sn,与前人研究Ag-Sn系统扩散的实验结果相符.     

阳离子易染型再生聚酯流变性能研究

以废旧聚酯纺织品为原料,乙二醇为醇解剂,间苯二甲酸双羟乙酯-5-磺酸钠(SIPE)和聚乙二醇(PEG1500)为改性单体,经液相聚合得到了阳离子染料易染型再生聚酯(即r-ECDP);对其熔融流变性能进行了测试研究.由样品的红外谱图可知,改性单体SIPE与PEG-1500均已成功引入到共聚酯中并生成了r-ECDP;r-ECDP熔体呈现较明显的假塑性,随着温度和剪切速率(γ·)的增加,其表观黏度(ηa)降低;随着改性单体PEG-1500添加量的增加,r-ECDP熔体的ηa也逐渐减小;r-ECDP的非牛顿指数(n)随测试温度升高而逐渐增大;其粘流活化能Eη则随剪切速率和PEG-1500添加量的增加而减小;其结构黏度指数(Δη)则随PEG-1500添加量的增加及温度升高,呈减小趋势.     

Adaptive simulated annealing particle swarm optimization algorithm

Particle swarm optimization is widely used in various fields because of the few parameters to be set and the simple calculation structure.In order to improve the optimization speed and accuracy of the PSO,and to avoid falling into the local optimal solution,an adaptive simulated annealing PSO is proposed,which uses the hyperbolic tangent function to control the inertia weight factor for nonlinear adaptive changes,uses linear change strategies to control 2 learning factors,introduces the simulation annealing operation,set a temperature according to the initial state of the population,guide the population to accept the difference solution with a certain probability according to the Metropolis criterion,and ensure the ability to jump out of the local optimal solution.To verify the effect of the algorithm proposed in this paper,7 typical test functions and 5 algorithms proposed in the literature are selected for comparison and testing.According to the average value,standard deviation and number of iterations of the optimization results,the algorithm proposed in this paper has greatly improved the iteration accuracy,convergence speed and stability so as to overcome the shortcomings of particle swarm optimization.     

Multi-Scale Dilated Convolutional Neural Network for Hyperspectral Image Classification

基于多尺度空洞卷积神经网络的高光谱图像分类

郑姗姗¹,刘文¹,单锐¹,赵静一²,江国乾³,张智⁴

（1. 燕山大学理学院,河北 秦皇岛 066004;2. 燕山大学机械工程学院,河北 秦皇岛 066004;3. 燕山大学电气工程学院,河北 秦皇岛 066004;4. 北京航天研究所,北京 100094）

创新点说明：

1）将图像分割方法——空洞卷积用于卷积神经网络进行高光谱图像分类,提取更加广泛、抽象的图像特征。

2）构建基于多尺度空洞卷积神经网络的高光谱图像分类方法。搭建多尺度聚合结构,在每个通道中使用快捷连接和空洞卷积结构,有效提取图像特征,避免信息丢失。

研究目的：

针对图像信息丢失问题,得到高精度的高光谱图像分类方法。

研究方法：

在Indian Pines和Pavia University数据集上,与4个已有的高光谱图像分类方法进行对比实验,比较OA, AA和Kappa值。

研究结果：

多尺度空洞卷积神经网络在Indian Pines和Pavia University数据集上OA值分别达到了99.58%,99.92%。AA值分别达到了99.57%,99.90%。Kappa分别达到了99.52%,99.89%。

结论：

1）在卷积神经网络中引入空洞卷积,可以有效避免图像信息丢失。

2）多尺度空洞卷积神经网络能提取更佳的判别性特征,实现高分类性能。

关键词：多尺度聚合;空洞卷积;高光谱图像分类;快捷连接