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31.
Three-dimensional models, or pharmacophores, describing Euclidean constraints on the location on small molecules of functional
groups (like hydrophobic groups, hydrogen acceptors and donors, etc.), are often used in drug design to describe the medicinal
activity of potential drugs (or ‘ligands’). This medicinal activity is produced by interaction of the functional groups on
the ligand with a binding site on a target protein. In identifying structure-activity relations of this kind there are three
principal issues: (1) It is often difficult to “align” the ligands in order to identify common structural properties that
may be responsible for activity; (2) Ligands in solution can adopt different shapes (or `conformations’) arising from torsional
rotations about bonds. The 3-D molecular substructure is typically sought on one or more low-energy conformers; and (3) Pharmacophore
models must, ideally, predict medicinal activity on some quantitative scale. It has been shown that the logical representation
adopted by Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) naturally resolves many of the difficulties associated with the alignment and
multi-conformation issues. However, the predictions of models constructed by ILP have hitherto only been nominal, predicting
medicinal activity to be present or absent. In this paper, we investigate the construction of two kinds of quantitative pharmacophoric
models with ILP: (a) Models that predict the probability that a ligand is “active”; and (b) Models that predict the actual
medicinal activity of a ligand. Quantitative predictions are obtained by the utilising the following statistical procedures
as background knowledge: logistic regression and naive Bayes, for probability prediction; linear and kernel regression, for
activity prediction. The multi-conformation issue and, more generally, the relational representation used by ILP results in
some special difficulties in the use of any statistical procedure. We present the principal issues and some solutions. Specifically,
using data on the inhibition of the protease Thermolysin, we demonstrate that it is possible for an ILP program to construct
good quantitative structure-activity models. We also comment on the relationship of this work to other recent developments
in statistical relational learning.
Editors: Tamás Horváth and Akihiro Yamamoto 相似文献
32.
The estimation of the link capacity and its available bandwidth in an end-to-end path is crucial for network management, admission
control and flow control for adaptive applications. This paper introduces an estimation mechanism able to accurately estimate
the available bandwidth of all links in an end-to-end path, through its capacity and cross-traffic estimation. The estimation
procedures resort to the dispersions of packet pairs and trains using the concepts of ICMP Timestamp and Traceroute that,
efficiently used together, enable the measurement of the dispersions in all links in the path. These mechanisms were evaluated
through simulation experiments, where we analyzed the influence of the several network parameters on each estimation mechanism.
The results show that these estimation methods are able to accurately estimate both the capacity and the cross-traffic of
all links in a path with moderate length and with low overhead. 相似文献
33.
34.
随着光电器件的广泛应用,微机械光开关成为核心光交换器件的主流。在研发过程中,其器件检测手段成为人们所关注的话题。本文介绍了一种新颖的测量平台,通过高幅值利用单片机控制脉冲频率的方法来选择器件。与当前同类方法相比,具有精度高、可靠性强、成本低、易操作等特点,具有广阔的使用前景。 相似文献
35.
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37.
本文介绍低轨小卫星的发展和应用前景。低轨小卫星,体积和重量小,轨道低,功能单一,智能化,制造和发射都很容易,投资费用低,受到用户的普遍欢迎,有广阔的发展和应用前景。 小卫星在近几年发展迅速,应用广泛,已经受到世界各国的重视。在许多方面,已经应用小卫星和计划中应用小卫星的例子很多,本文只作简要介绍,目的在于引起人们的重视,发展我国的小卫星事业。 相似文献
38.
39.
预处理工艺对硬质合金与金刚石膜间粘结力的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在两种经不同预处理的硬质合金YG8基底上,采用微波等离子体化学气相沉积法,在微波功率2kW,压强4.0kPa和6.5kPa,CH4和H2流量分别为1.6cm/s和100.0cm/s的条件下生长金刚石薄膜。利用X射线衍射检测了金刚石薄膜是否存在,用拉曼光谱分析了薄膜的质量,用金相显微镜观察了薄膜的洛氏硬度压痕,标定并比较了不同预处理工艺膜与基底的结合力。实验结果表明,不同的预处理方法对于粘结力的影响不大,最主要的因素是钴含量的多少。 相似文献
40.