FUNCTIONAL, MICROBIAL AND SENSORY CHANGES IN ICE-STORED SEA SCALLOPS (PLACOPECTEN MAGELLANICUS) TREATED WITH SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE

Sea scallop adductor muscles were given six processing treatments involving water, phosphate and NaCl. They were evaluated during iced storage for changes in moisture content, aerobic plate count, pH, drip loss, cook loss, and sensory freshness attributes. All treated scallops and a wash control were above the 80% moisture interim federal compliance level. A dip in 10% sodium tripolyphosphate generally produced the least drip and cook losses and lowest aerobic plate counts during iced storage compared to freshwater washed scallops. No additional benefit was derived by very long exposure to solutions of sodium tripolyphosphate.     

TOLERANCE OF REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS TO NOXIOUS STIMULATION.

HYPOTHESIZED THAT SENSITIZERS WOULD APPROACH AND REPRESSORS AVOID PROLONGATION OF PHYSICALLY AVERSIVE STIMULATION. THE DISTRIBUTION OF REPRESSION-SENSITIZATION (R-S) SCORES FOR 84 MALES AND 116 FEMALES WAS SEPARATELY DIVIDED INTO QUARTILES FOR BOTH SEXES. 4 LEVELS OF SHOCK WERE DETERMINED: RECOGNITION, MODERATELY AVERSIVE, PAIN AVERSIVE, AND ENCOURAGED AVERSIVE. RESULTS SUGGEST, CONTRARY TO PREDICTION, THAT MALE SENSITIZERS AVOID AND REPRESSORS APPROACH PAINFUL STIMULI. HOWEVER, BOTH FEMALE REPRESSORS AND SENSITIZERS TEND TO AVOID NOXIOUS STIMULATION AS COMPARED WITH THE MIDDLE QUARTILES. THE CONCEPTS OF DIFFERENTIAL DRIVE LEVEL AND SOCIAL ACQUIESCENCE ARE USED IN INTERPRETING THESE RESULTS. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Preparation of SiO2 Glass from Model Powder Compacts: II, Sintering

The sintering behavior of powder compacts formed from spherical, nearly monosized SiO₂ particles was investigated. Highly ordered compacts sintered to high density and translucency at 1000°C. In contrast, less homogeneous samples prepared from flocculated suspensions remained highly porous after sintering under the same conditions. Densification kinetics were determined over the temperature range 900° to 1050°C for ordered compacts. The viscosity at each sintering temperature and the activation energy for viscous flow were determined using available sintering models. Sintering of ordered compacts is divided into several stages. Densification, mercury porosimetry, and electron microscopy results indicate that the first stage is dominated by the shrinkage of three-particle pore channels, whereas the second stage primarily involves the shrinkage of four-particle pore channels.     

Basic Studies of Corn Proteins for Improved Solubility and Future Utilization: A Physicochemical Approach

Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra were recorded for zein corn proteins in a number of organic solvent systems to establish the best solvent for these highly hydrophobic proteins. Carbon-13 NMR techniques were used to monitor at the molecular level the mobility of the amino acid side chains in solution. Polyacrylamide gel elcctrophoresis (PAGE). and sodium sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel elcctrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) was performed to identify the major subfractions in zein and to determine the effect that solvents such as ethanol and 2-propanol have upon the aggregation of zein proteins. It was determined, based on these studies, that pyridine: watcr (I:I. v/v) provided the best dispersibility for zein and the best subunit separation.     

CONTROLLING GENTRIFICATION: TOWARDS A POLICY OF BALANCED URBAN RENEWAL*

The issues of gentrification and displacement in the resurgent areas of our cities are discussed. Particular attention is paid to the questions of who is affected, in what way and to what degree. Existing local government strategies for controlling gentrification are discussed and compared with a new approach: the Neighborhood Tied Benefits Program. This program is proposed as a way to help capture some of the economic investment resulting from gentrification and to utilize it to protect other areas threatened by displacement. A specific methodology for carrying out the policy is discussed.     

Near-field photothermal microspectroscopy for adult stem-cell identification and characterization

The identification of stem cells in adult tissue is a challenging problem in biomedicine. Currently, stem cells are identified by individual epitopes, which are generally tissue specific. The discovery of a stem-cell marker common to other adult tissue types could open avenues in the development of therapeutic stem-cell strategies. We report the use of the novel technique of Fourier transform infrared near-field photothermal microspectroscopy (FTIR–PTMS) for the characterization of stem cells, transit amplifying (TA) cells and terminally differentiated (TD) cells in the corneal epithelium. Principal component analysis (PCA) data demonstrate excellent discrimination of cell type by spectra. PCA in combination with linear discriminant analysis (PCA–LDA) shows that FTIR–PTMS very effectively discriminates between the three cell populations. Statistically significant differences above the 99% confidence level between IR spectra from stem cells and TA cells suggest that nucleic acid conformational changes are an important component of the differences between spectral data from the two cell types. FTIR–PTMS is a new addition to existing spectroscopy methods based on the concept of interfacing a conventional FTIR spectrometer with an atomic force microscope equipped with a near-field thermal sensing probe. FTIR-PTMS spectroscopy currently has spatial resolution that is similar to that of diffraction-limited optical detection FTIR spectroscopy techniques, but as a near-field probing technique has considerable potential for further improvement. Our work also suggests that FTIR–PTMS is potentially more sensitive than synchrotron radiation FTIR spectroscopy for some applications. Microspectroscopy techniques like FTIR–PTMS provide information about the entire molecular composition of cells, in contrast to epitope recognition that only considers the presence or absence of individual molecules. Our results with FTIR–PTMS on corneal stem cells are promising for the potential development of an IR spectral fingerprint for stem cells.     

Community-Driven Place Making

In neighborhoods throughout major American cities, grassroots efforts in community revitalization are reshaping the public processes and institutional framework involving the design and development of public space. Treating the public realm as both a physical space and an expression of relationships between multiple institutions, organizations, and individuals, this study examines the social and political epistemologies and processes behind the creation of a waterfront park in Oakland, California. It also presents a framework of community-driven practice in the making of the public realm, based on converging theories of social movements and planning and a critique of the current participatory design model.