全文获取类型
收费全文 | 887篇 |
免费 | 48篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 17篇 |
综合类 | 1篇 |
化学工业 | 212篇 |
金属工艺 | 14篇 |
机械仪表 | 16篇 |
建筑科学 | 34篇 |
矿业工程 | 7篇 |
能源动力 | 37篇 |
轻工业 | 30篇 |
水利工程 | 3篇 |
石油天然气 | 2篇 |
无线电 | 74篇 |
一般工业技术 | 235篇 |
冶金工业 | 67篇 |
原子能技术 | 4篇 |
自动化技术 | 182篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 4篇 |
2022年 | 11篇 |
2021年 | 20篇 |
2020年 | 14篇 |
2019年 | 26篇 |
2018年 | 24篇 |
2017年 | 22篇 |
2016年 | 29篇 |
2015年 | 27篇 |
2014年 | 27篇 |
2013年 | 59篇 |
2012年 | 40篇 |
2011年 | 78篇 |
2010年 | 53篇 |
2009年 | 79篇 |
2008年 | 42篇 |
2007年 | 53篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 38篇 |
2003年 | 13篇 |
2002年 | 29篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 11篇 |
1999年 | 17篇 |
1998年 | 14篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 8篇 |
1995年 | 9篇 |
1994年 | 5篇 |
1993年 | 6篇 |
1992年 | 3篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 3篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1986年 | 2篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 2篇 |
1978年 | 2篇 |
1977年 | 3篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1966年 | 2篇 |
1961年 | 1篇 |
1958年 | 1篇 |
1957年 | 1篇 |
1955年 | 1篇 |
1943年 | 1篇 |
1942年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有935条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
841.
Erik Fridell Annika Amberntsson Louise Olsson Ann W. Grant Magnus Skoglundh 《Topics in Catalysis》2004,(1):143-146
Flow reactor experiments and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements were used to investigate the importance of platinum oxide formation on Pt/BaO/Al2O3 NO
x
storage catalysts during reactions conditions. The reaction studied was NO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) NO2(g). During NO2 exposure of the catalyst the NO2 dissociation rate decreased during the reaction. This activity decrease with time was also studied with XPS and it was found to be due to platinum oxide formation. The influence of sulphur exposure conditions on the performance of the NO
x
storage catalysts was studied by exposing the samples to lean and/or rich gas mixtures, simulating the conditions in a mixed lean application, containing SO2. The main results show that all samples are sensitive to sulphur and that the deactivation proceeds faster when SO2 is present in the feed under rich conditions than under lean or continuous SO2 exposure. Additionally, the influence of the noble metals present in the catalysts was investigated regarding sulphur sensitivity and it was found that a combination of platinum and rhodium seems to be preferable to retain high performance of the catalyst under SO2 exposure and subsequent regeneration. Finally, the behaviour of micro-fabricated model NO
x
storage catalysts was studied as a function of temperature and gas composition with area-resolved XPS. These model catalysts consisted of a thin film of Pt deposited on one-half of a BaCO3 pellet. It was found that the combination of SO2 and O2 resulted in migration of Pt on the BaCO3 support up to one mm away from the Pt/BaCO3 interface. 相似文献
842.
Florian Huber Zhixin Yu Sara Lögdberg Magnus Rønning De Chen Hilde Venvik Anders Holmen 《Catalysis Letters》2006,110(3-4):211-220
Catalysts containing metals such as Cu, Ni, Fe, Co in their reduced state are often subjected to passivation procedures prior
to characterization. Passivation with N2O or O2 to create a protective oxide layer also results in a certain degree of sub-surface oxidation. The heat released during oxidation
is a critical parameter. The extent of bulk oxidation depends on the type of oxidant as well as on the size of the metal particles,
as shown for copper catalysts. The final, meta-stable passivation layer requires a certain thickness to sustain exposure to
ambient atmosphere. The encapsulation of metal particles in carbon is an efficient method for preserving the metallic state,
as demonstrated for metallic nickel and iron with carbon nanofibers. The use of passivated samples for characterization of
the active, i.e., reduced, catalyst has limited value. 相似文献
843.
Magnus Palm Hans Theliander 《Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996)》1997,68(2-3)
The solid state reaction between titanium dioxide and sodium carbonate forming sodium titanates was investigated. Reactions between sodium carbonate and titanium dioxide and/or sodium tri-titanate play a key role in the direct causticization of kraft black liquor. Experiments were carried out in a microdifferential reactor made of quartz glass at varying temperatures up to a maximum of 880 °C. Kinetic data were obtained by measuring the release of carbon dioxide. The physical and chemical properties of the reactants and products were analysed in order to obtain a maximum understanding of the reaction path. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the specific surface area of the reactants and products were applied for morphology determination. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) was employed to characterize the phase composition of the product. The results showed that 100% conversion can be obtained at temperatures above 830 °C. Different kinetic models were taken into consideration, such as the Jander and Valensi-Carter models for diffusion-controlled reaction rates and the phase-boundary model for first-order reaction kinetics. One model was based on the theory that the kinetics can be described by the phase-boundary theory at the beginning of the reaction but, as the reaction proceeds, the rate becomes diffusion controlled. This model gave a good fit to the experimental data collected at 840 °C. However, this model did not work as well at high temperature (880 °C) or at lower temperatures as at 840 °C. This was explained by the fact that the reaction path is different at these temperatures, i.e. other reaction products are involved. 相似文献
844.
Thomas Schuman Anders Karlsson Johan Larsson Magnus Wikstrm Mikael Rigdahl 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2005,54(4):360-371
Adding plate-like pigments such as talc or kaolin clay to a styrene-butadiene (SB) dispersion before coating paperboard on a pilot scale resulted in a coated material with improved water vapour barrier properties. Addition of paraffin wax further significantly reduced the water vapour permeability. A limited study was also performed using poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) as the matrix material and a similar result was obtained. In addition to the barrier properties, the surface characteristics (gloss, roughness, surface energy and chemical composition) and the printability of the coated substrate were evaluated. In general, it was found that the properties of the coated material were improved if the surface of the base substrate was smoothened prior to coating by a suitable surface treatment such as hot calendering or precoating. Such a treatment gave a more homogeneous coating film on the substrate. A comparison of the experimental results with the prediction of models for the effect of impermeable particles on the vapour permeability indicated that the pigments were not optimally dispersed (or oriented) in the coating layer. There is thus room for improvement. In a further series of experiments, nanoclays were incorporated into the coating layers. Exfoliation of the silicate layers was indicated in laboratory coating experiments using SB, but not on the pilot-scale coated materials. Thus no significant effects on the barrier properties were observed for such coated specimens. With PVA as the matrix polymer and low contents of the nanoclay, a marked decrease in the water vapour permeability took place, indicating a more pronounced exfoliation. 相似文献
845.
The decrease in the corona treatment effect with time and its influence on the flexographic printability of low‐density polyethylene‐coated paperboard were studied. After corona treatment, sheets were stored in different ways. Some sheets were stored in a laboratory atmosphere, while others were protected from exposure to light, air, moisture and dust in polyethylene bags. The tendency for ink to spread on the surfaces was studied using contact angle measurements. Printability was evaluated as print density, dot gain, uncovered (white) and mottling. The results obtained show that the surface energy of the protected sheets decreased with time, but not as much and not as quickly as that of the unprotected sheets. In the case of the protected sheets, the percentage uncovered areas and mottling remained constant, but for the unprotected sheets they increased with increasing time after the corona treatment. No significant differences were seen in the other print quality measures. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
846.
Carlsson Katrina; Petersson Karl Magnus; Lundqvist Daniel; Karlsson Andreas; Ingvar Martin; ?hman Arne 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2004,4(4):340
Rapid response to danger holds an evolutionary advantage. In this positron emission tomography study, phobics were exposed to masked visual stimuli with timings that either allowed awareness or not of either phobic, fear-relevant (e.g., spiders to snake phobics), or neutral images. When the timing did not permit awareness, the amygdala responded to both phobic and fear-relevant stimuli. With time for more elaborate processing, phobic stimuli resulted in an addition of an affective processing network to the amygdala activity, whereas no activity was found in response to fear-relevant stimuli. Also, right prefrontal areas appeared deactivated, comparing aware phobic and fear-relevant conditions. Thus, a shift from top-down control to an affectively driven system optimized for speed was observed in phobic relative to fear-relevant aware processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
847.
Carl‐Magnus Svensson Oksana Shvydkiv Stefanie Dietrich Lisa Mahler Thomas Weber Mahipal Choudhary Miguel Tovar Marc Thilo Figge Martin Roth 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(4)
To efficiently exploit the potential of several millions of droplets that can be considered as individual bioreactors in microfluidic experiments, methods to encode different experimental conditions in droplets are needed. The approach presented here is based on coencapsulation of colored polystyrene beads with biological samples. The decoding of the droplets, as well as content quantification, are performed by automated analysis of triggered images of individual droplets in‐flow using bright‐field microscopy. The decoding strategy combines bead classification using a random forest classifier and Bayesian inference to identify different codes and thus experimental conditions. Antibiotic susceptibility testing of nine different antibiotics and the determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of a specific antibiotic against a laboratory strain of Escherichia coli are presented as a proof‐of‐principle. It is demonstrated that this method allows successful encoding and decoding of 20 different experimental conditions within a large droplet population of more than 105 droplets per condition. The decoding strategy correctly assigns 99.6% of droplets to the correct condition and a method for the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration using droplet microfluidics is established. The current encoding and decoding pipeline can readily be extended to more codes by adding more bead colors or color combinations. 相似文献
848.
A Chemically Doped Naphthalenediimide‐Bithiazole Polymer for n‐Type Organic Thermoelectrics 下载免费PDF全文
Suhao Wang Hengda Sun Gang Wang Uwe Lappan Yuttapoom Puttisong Zhihua Chen Magnus Berggren Xavier Crispin Anton Kiriy Brigitte Voit Tobin J. Marks Simone Fabiano Antonio Facchetti 《Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)》2018,30(31)
The synthesis of a novel naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐bithiazole (Tz2)‐based polymer [P(NDI2OD‐Tz2)] is reported, and structural, thin‐film morphological, as well as charge transport and thermoelectric properties are compared to the parent and widely investigated NDI‐bithiophene (T2) polymer [P(NDI2OD‐T2)]. Since the steric repulsions in Tz2 are far lower than in T2, P(NDI2OD‐Tz2) exhibits a more planar and rigid backbone, enhancing π–π chain stacking and intermolecular interactions. In addition, the electron‐deficient nature of Tz2 enhances the polymer electron affinity, thus reducing the polymer donor–acceptor character. When n‐doped with amines, P(NDI2OD‐Tz2) achieves electrical conductivity (≈0.1 S cm?1) and a power factor (1.5 µW m?1 K?2) far greater than those of P(NDI2OD‐T2) (0.003 S cm?1 and 0.012 µW m?1 K?2, respectively). These results demonstrate that planarized NDI‐based polymers with reduced donor–acceptor character can achieve substantial electrical conductivity and thermoelectric response. 相似文献
849.
Magnus Garbrecht Lars Hultman Mohammed H. Fawey Timothy D. Sands Bivas Saha 《Journal of Materials Science》2018,53(6):4001-4009
Alternative designs of plasmonic metamaterials for applications in solar energy-harvesting devices are necessary due to pure noble metal-based nanostructures’ incompatibility with CMOS technology, limited thermal and chemical stability, and high losses in the visible spectrum. In the present study, we demonstrate the design of a material based on a multilayer architecture with systematically varying dielectric interlayer thicknesses that result in a continuous shift of surface plasmon energy. Plasmon resonance characteristics of metal/semiconductor TiN/(Al,Sc)N multilayer thin films with constant TiN and increasing (Al,Sc)N interlayer thicknesses were analyzed using aberration-corrected and monochromated scanning transmission electron microscopy-based electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). EEL spectrum images and line scans were systematically taken across layer interfaces and compared to spectra from the centers of the respective adjacent TiN layer. While a constant value for the TiN bulk plasmon resonance of about 2.50 eV was found, the surface plasmon resonance energy was detected to continuously decrease with increasing (Al,Sc)N interlayer thickness until 2.16 eV is reached. This effect can be understood to be the result of resonant coupling between the TiN bulk and surface plasmons across the dielectric interlayers at very low (Al,Sc)N thicknesses. That energy interval between bulk and decreasing surface plasmon resonances corresponds to wavelengths in the visible spectrum. This shows the potential of tailoring the material’s plasmonic response by controlling the (Al,Sc)N interlayer thickness, making TiN-based multilayers good prospects for plasmonic metamaterials in energy devices. 相似文献
850.
Iwona Bernacka‐Wojcik Miriam Huerta Klas Tybrandt Michal Karady Mohammad Yusuf Mulla David J. Poxson Erik O. Gabrielsson Karin Ljung Daniel T. Simon Magnus Berggren Eleni Stavrinidou 《Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,15(43)
Electronic control of biological processes with bioelectronic devices holds promise for sophisticated regulation of physiology, for gaining fundamental understanding of biological systems, providing new therapeutic solutions, and digitally mediating adaptations of organisms to external factors. The organic electronic ion pump (OEIP) provides a unique means for electronically‐controlled, flow‐free delivery of ions, and biomolecules at cellular scale. Here, a miniaturized OEIP device based on glass capillary fibers (c‐OEIP) is implanted in a biological organism. The capillary form factor at the sub‐100 µm scale of the device enables it to be implanted in soft tissue, while its hyperbranched polyelectrolyte channel and addressing protocol allows efficient delivery of a large aromatic molecule. In the first example of an implantable bioelectronic device in plants, the c‐OEIP readily penetrates the leaf of an intact tobacco plant with no significant wound response (evaluated up to 24 h) and effectively delivers the hormone abscisic acid (ABA) into the leaf apoplast. OEIP‐mediated delivery of ABA, the phytohormone that regulates plant's tolerance to stress, induces closure of stomata, the microscopic pores in leaf's epidermis that play a vital role in photosynthesis and transpiration. Efficient and localized ABA delivery reveals previously unreported kinetics of ABA‐induced signal propagation. 相似文献