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81.
Maija Hoikkanen Mari Honkanen Minnamari Vippola Toivo Lepistö Jyrki Vuorinen 《Progress in Organic Coatings》2011,72(4):716-723
Enhancing adhesion is of primary importance in preparation of insert injection molded plastic–metal hybrids. Here, the combination of coupling agent application parameters and steel oxide microstructure effects on the adhesion in thermoplastic urethane–stainless steel hybrids was studied. The stainless steel oxide structure was first modified by electrolytical polishing and subsequent oxidation treatment, then the steel was coated with N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-AEAPS) prior to overmolding with thermoplastic urethane. The properties of formed silane coatings and ultimately the thermoplastic urethane–stainless steel hybrids were determined by several microscopical methods, infrared spectroscopy and mechanical testing. The bond strength of hybrids depended on the silane layer thickness. Also the stainless steel surface oxide structure had a remarkable influence on the coating formation and the resulting hybrid bond strength. 相似文献
82.
Anneli Hase Maija Ala-Peijari S. Kaltia J. Matikainen 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(8):832-834
The separation of pinolenic acid from distilled tall oil fatty acid by the iodolactonization method was studied. The significance
of prefractionation of tall oils and details of the iodolactonization procedure for the pinolenic acid purity achieved is
discussed. 相似文献
83.
Partial Least Squares Regression Modeling of Physical and Chemical Properties of Corn‐Based Snacks Containing Kañiwa and Lupine
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84.
Paavo A. Penttilä Jussi-Petteri Suuronen Satu Kirjoranta Marko Peura Kirsi Jouppila Maija Tenkanen Ritva Serimaa 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(10):3470-3479
Wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS and SAXS) and X-ray microtomography were used to study the structure of brittle,
solid foams made by extrusion of whole grain barley flour and additional whey protein isolate (WPI) and polydextrose (PD).
The structure of the extrudates was described in a coarse way from nano- to microscale, and the effects of additives were
discussed. The additives were observed to affect the structure in many scales, for instance, by inducing differences in the
crystal structure of starch and in the microscale pore structure observed with both SAXS and X-ray microtomography. The most
significant effects were introduced by WPI, but these were highly reduced in the presence of PD. Differences were also seen
in lamellar structures of starch, which were probably formed due to retrogradation and observed with SAXS in powder samples
soaked in water before the measurements. 相似文献
85.
A simple one-pot method for the preparation of subnanometre-size benzotriazolate (BTA) protected copper clusters, Cu(n)BTA(m), is reported. The clusters were analyzed by optical and infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and transmission electron microscopy together with computational methods. We suggest a structural motif where the copper core of the Cu(n)BTA(m) clusters is protected by BTA-Cu(i)-BTA units. 相似文献
86.
Element accumulation in boreal bryophytes, lichens and vascular plants exposed to heavy metal and sulfur deposition in Finland 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Salemaa M Derome J Helmisaari HS Nieminen T Vanha-Majamaa I 《The Science of the total environment》2004,324(1-3):141-160
Macronutrient (N, P, K, Mg, S, Ca), heavy metal (Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu, Ni, Cd, Pb) and Al concentrations in understorey bryophytes, lichens and vascular plant species growing in Scots pine forests at four distances from the Harjavalta Cu-Ni smelter (0.5, 2, 4 and 8 km) were compared to those at two background sites in Finland. The aim was to study the relationship between element accumulation and the distribution of the species along a pollution gradient. Elevated sulfur, nitrogen and heavy metal concentrations were found in all species groups near the pollution source. Macronutrient concentrations tended to decrease in the order: vascular plants>bryophytes>lichens, when all the species groups grew on the same plot. Heavy metal concentrations (except Mn) were the highest in bryophytes, followed by lichens, and were the lowest in vascular plants. In general, vascular plants, being capable of restricting the uptake of toxic elements, grew closer to the smelter than lichens, while bryophytes began to increase in the understorey vegetation at further distances from the smelter. A pioneer moss (Pohlia nutans) was an exception, because it accumulated considerably higher amounts of Cu and Ni than the other species and still survived close to the smelter. The abundance of most of the species decreased with increasing Cu and Ni concentrations in their tissues. Cetraria islandica, instead, showed a positive relationship between the abundance and Cu, Ni and S concentrations of the thallus. It is probable that, in addition to heavy metals, sporadically high SO(2) emissions have also affected the distribution of the plant species. 相似文献
87.
Anna Maija K Sjberg Jari P Tuominen Tuomo Kiutamo Satu M Luukkonen 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1992,59(1):65-75
A method was developed for the detection of irradiation of chicken and chicken meat products. The method consists of the extraction of fat from chicken skin or a chicken meat product, separation of hydrocarbons with an alumina column and gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry analyses of the hydrocarbons 16:2, 16:3, 17:1 and 17:2 formed from oleic, linoleic and stearic acids during irradiation. These hydrocarbons were only detected in irradiated samples at doses of 5 and 10 kGy. The mean concentrations of the hydrocarbons were linearly related to the dose levels of irradiation in the case of chicken fat. The concentrations of two of the hydrocarbons (16:2 and 17:1) gave the best correlation with dose. When a dose of 10 kGy was used, the concentrations of major degradation products were 1.5-5.0 mg/kg fat. The same relationship was not found in the case of chicken meat products because the amounts of hydrocarbons detected after irradiation with the same doses were similar. On the basis of this study it was clearly demonstrated that it is possible to judge analytically whether or not a chicken sample or a chicken meat product has been irradiated at doses of 5 or 10 kGy. It should also be possible to recognise samples irradiated with doses below 5 kGy. 相似文献
88.
Saxelin M Lassig A Karjalainen H Tynkkynen S Surakka A Vapaatalo H Järvenpää S Korpela R Mutanen M Hatakka K 《International journal of food microbiology》2010,144(2):293-300
Most clinical studies of probiotics use freeze-dried, powdered bacteria or bacteria packed in capsules. However, probiotics are commercially available in various food matrices, which may affect their persistence in the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of the study was to compare oral and faecal recovery during and after administration of a combination of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and LC705, Propionibacterium freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS, and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bb12 as capsules, yoghurt, or cheese. This randomized, parallel-group, open-label trial (n = 36) included a 4-week run-in, 2-week intervention, and 3-week follow-up period. Participants consumed 1010 cfu/day of probiotic combination and provided saliva and faecal samples before, during, and after the intervention. Strain-specific real-time PCR was used to quantify the strains.L. rhamnosus GG was the only probiotic strain regularly recovered in saliva samples. During the intervention period it was recovered in the saliva of 88% of the volunteers at least once. No difference was found between the yoghurt and cheese groups. At the end of the intervention, L. rhamnosus GG and LC705 counts were high in faecal samples of all product groups (8.08 and 8.67 log10 genome copies/g, respectively). There was no matrix effect on strain quantity in faeces or the recovery time after ceasing the intervention. For P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii JS and B. animalis subsp. lactis Bb12, a matrix effect was found at the end of the intervention (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001, respectively) and in the recovery time during follow-up (P < 0.05 for both). Yoghurt yielded the highest faecal quantity of JS and Bb12 strains (8.01 and 9.89 log10 genome copies/g, respectively). The results showed that the administration matrix did not influence the faecal quantity of lactobacilli, but affected faecal counts of propionibacteria and bifidobacteria that were lower when consumed in cheese. Thus, the consumption of probiotics in yoghurt matrix is highly suitable for studying potential health benefits and capsules provide a comparable means of administration when the viability of the strain in the capsule product is confirmed. 相似文献
89.
Kaisu Mtt Anna‐Maija Lampi Jan Petterson Birgitta M Fogelfors Vieno Piironen Afaf Kamal‐Eldin 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》1999,79(7):1021-1027
The total and individual sterol content in 21 oat samples (seven cultivars grown at three different locations in Sweden) were analysed by gas chromatography after acid hydrolysis. The total sterol content in these oat cultivars varied between 350–491 µg g−1 of dry weight of kernel. The most abundant phytosterol was β‐sitosterol (237–321 µg g−1) followed by campesterol (32–46 µg g−1), Δ5‐avenasterol (15–47 µg g−1) and stigmasterol (11–21 µg g−1). There was a statistically significant difference in total sterol content between cultivars (p < 0.05) but no effect was found for cultivation location. Furthermore when contents of Δ5‐avenasterol in hexane‐extracted oat oil and acid‐hydrolysed oat samples were compared, it was noticed that the content of Δ5‐avenasterol was lowered due to acid hydrolysis. © 1999 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
90.
Aimo Oikari Bjrn-Erik Lnn Maija Castrn Tarja Nakari Barbro Snickars-Nikinmaa Hannu Bister Erkki Virtanen 《Water research》1983,17(1):81-89
Toxicological and physiological effects of dehydroabietic acid (DHAA), a major poison to fishes in pulp and paper mill effluents, were studied by two experiments with rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson: in the first, fish were acutely exposed for 4 days to an average DHAA concentration of 1.2 mg l−1 (Exp. I) and in the second for 30 days to an average of 20 μg DHAA l−1 (Exp. II).Compared to the controls, fish of Exp. I displayed a decreased relative weight of liver, an increased blood haematocrit, and increased haemoglobin as well as plasma protein concentrations. The aspartate aminotransferase activity of heart muscle was significantly elevated, as was also the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) of white muscle tissue. In the blood plasma, the proportion of muscle type LDH activity was simultaneously increased. UDP-glucuronyl-transferase activities of liver and kidney were strongly decreased. Results suggest an increased and altered use of body energy reserves, decreased plasma volume and impaired liver function.Fish of Exp. II showed an increased relative weight of spleen. In addition, liver and gill LDH shifted towards heart-type. We conclude that 20 μg l−1 is close to the “minimum effective concentration” of DHAA to rainbow trout. 相似文献