Optimized Tuning of LOADng Routing Protocol Parameters for IoT

Interconnected devices and intelligent applications have slashed human intervention in the Internet of Things (IoT), making it possible to accomplish tasks with less human interaction. However, it faces many problems, including lower capacity links, energy utilization, enhancement of resources and limited resources due to its openness, heterogeneity, limited resources and extensiveness. It is challenging to route packets in such a constrained environment. In an IoT network constrained by limited resources, minimal routing control overhead is required without packet loss. Such constrained environments can be improved through the optimal routing protocol. It is challenging to route packets in such a constrained environment. Thus, this work is motivated to present an efficient routing protocol for enhancing the lifetime of the IoT network. Lightweight On-demand Ad hoc Distance-vector Routing Protocol—Next Generation (LOADng) protocol is an extended version of the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) protocol. Unlike AODV, LOADng is a lighter version that forbids the intermediate nodes on the route to send a route reply (RREP) for the route request (RREQ), which originated from the source. A resource-constrained IoT network demands minimal routing control overhead and faster packet delivery. So, in this paper, the parameters of the LOADng routing protocol are optimized using the black widow optimization (BWO) algorithm to reduce the control overhead and delay. Furthermore, the performance of the proposed model is analyzed with the default LOADng in terms of delay, delivery ratio and overhead. Obtained results show that the LOADng-BWO protocol outperforms the conventional LOADng protocol.     

Terahertz lenses made by compression molding of micropowders

We present a simple and versatile approach for fabricating terahertz lenses based on compression molding of micropowder polymer materials in a tabletop hydraulic press. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, a biconvex lens shape is calculated using a ray-tracing algorithm and lenses based on two different micropowders are fabricated. As the powder materials have different refractive indices, the resulting lenses share the same geometric shape but differ in their respective focal length. The focusing properties of the lenses are evaluated by transversal and sagittal beam profile measurements in a fiber-coupled terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system, confirming the excellent imaging qualities of the compression molded lenses.     

Dependence of CPC cut-off diameter on particle morphology and other factors

In this investigation, we summarize performance parameters of 24 TSI CPCs model 3772 and 9 TSI CPCs model 3790 determined at the World Calibration Aerosol Centre Physics hosted by the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research. Model 3790 CPCs are basically identical to model 3772 laminar continuous flow type butanol-based CPCs with a modified temperature difference between saturator and condenser. The average 50% detection efficiency for silver particles for 3772 and 3790 instruments was found to be 7.52 ± 0.04 nm and 24.34 ± 0.29 nm (average mobility diameter ± standard deviation), respectively. Small changes of the temperature difference between saturator and condenser cause larger shifts of the 50% detection efficiencies of 3790 CPCs compared to 3772 CPCs. In addition to the known calibration material dependence of the 50% detection efficiencies of 3790 CPCs, we found a dependence on the morphology of the particles used for calibration. In our experiments more spherical particles shifted the 50% detection efficiencies towards larger mobility diameters.

Copyright © 2016 American Association for Aerosol Research     

Direktes Herstellungsverfahren von Komposit‐Hohlfasermembranen mit sinusförmiger Geometrie

Composite hollow fiber membranes are fabricated in a one‐step process by superimposing the phase inversion process with interfacial polymerization on the lumen side of the fiber. A pulsation module in the bore fluid channel pulsates the bore fluid flow and leads to hollow fiber membranes with sinusoidal geometry. The fabrication of composite hollow fiber membranes with sinusoidal geometry is focus of this work. The sinusoidal geometry leads to reduced concentration polarization effects in membrane applications.     

Hierarchical pose classification based on human physiology for behaviour analysis

This study presents a new approach to classify human body poses by using angular constraints and variations of body joints. Although different classifications of the poses have been previously made, the proposed approach attempts to create a more comprehensive, accurate and extensible classification by integrating all possible poses based on angles of movement in human joints. The angular variations in all body joints can determine any possible poses. The joint angles from the body axis are computed in the three-dimensional space. In order to train and classify the pose in an automated manner, support vector machines (SVMs) were used. Experiments were carried out on both benchmark (CMU dataset) and in-house simulated (POSER dataset) poses to evaluate the performance of the proposed classification scheme.     

In Vivo Inhibition of TRPC6 by SH045 Attenuates Renal Fibrosis in a New Zealand Obese (NZO) Mouse Model of Metabolic Syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a significant worldwide public health challenge and is inextricably linked to adverse renal and cardiovascular outcomes. The inhibition of the transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6 (TRPC6) has been found to ameliorate renal outcomes in the unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) of accelerated renal fibrosis. Therefore, the pharmacological inhibition of TPRC6 could be a promising therapeutic intervention in the progressive tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in hypertension and metabolic syndrome. In the present study, we hypothesized that the novel selective TRPC6 inhibitor SH045 (larixyl N-methylcarbamate) ameliorates UUO-accelerated renal fibrosis in a New Zealand obese (NZO) mouse model, which is a polygenic model of metabolic syndrome. The in vivo inhibition of TRPC6 by SH045 markedly decreased the mRNA expression of pro-fibrotic markers (Col1α1, Col3α1, Col4α1, Acta2, Ccn2, Fn1) and chemokines (Cxcl1, Ccl5, Ccr2) in UUO kidneys of NZO mice compared to kidneys of vehicle-treated animals. Renal expressions of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were diminished in SH045- versus vehicle-treated UUO mice. Furthermore, renal inflammatory cell infiltration (F4/80+ and CD4+) and tubulointerstitial fibrosis (Sirius red and fibronectin staining) were ameliorated in SH045-treated NZO mice. We conclude that the pharmacological inhibition of TRPC6 might be a promising antifibrotic therapeutic method to treat progressive tubulo-interstitial fibrosis in hypertension and metabolic syndrome.     

Textile reinforcement in the bed joint of basement masonry – First findings from a current research project

The successful structural verification of basement walls under earth pressure loading with light imposed loading is often difficult. This situation is often encountered for external basement walls under terrace doors, stairs, masonry light wells etc., where the theoretically necessary imposed loading is missing. This makes it impossible to resist the acting bending forces from earth pressure using a vertical arch model. In such cases, the earth pressure has to be resisted in a horizontal direction. Since however the bending moment capacity of unreinforced masonry parallel to the bed joint is low, another possibility is to use a textile‐reinforced bed joint with longitudinal fibres of alkali‐resistant glass or carbon fibre. With an appropriately adapted textile reinforcement in the bed joints, the masonry can fulfil the requirements for load‐bearing capacity against earth pressure with horizontal load transfer, even under a small imposed load. Textile reinforcement has the advantage above all of corrosion resistance compared to conventional steel reinforcement, and textiles can also be inserted into thin bed joints. The Chair of Structural Design in the Faculty of Architecture of the TU Dresden is currently carrying out extensive numerical and experimental studies for this purpose. The objective is to develop an optimal configuration of material and textile form for use as bed joint reinforcement. The investigations are concentrating on the tension strength, bonding and durability of the composite material ”textile mortar“. This report should give a brief overview of the state of the work in the currently running research project.     

Polymers containing formamidine groups

Summary Aromatic polyformamidines were synthesized by high temperature solution polycondensation of aromatic diamines with triethyl orthoformate. In order to obtain high molecular weight polymers, general investigations on the influence of reaction conditions such as reaction time, temperature and solvent were carried out on the basis of polyformamidine prepared from 4,4'-methylenedianiline. The proposed structures of aromatic polyformamidines were confirmed by elemental analysis, NMR-and IR-spectroscopy. Molecular weights were determined by ¹H NMR end group analysis. Polyformamidines having inherent viscosities of 0.25–0.36 dl/g show excellent solubility in polar solvents and in strong acids. Thermal analysis indicated that these polymers are stable up to 300°C, and a 10% weight loss were recorded on the TG curves in the temperature range of 350–366°C in nitrogen.