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101.
In this paper we discuss reasoning about reasoning in a multiple agent scenario. We consider agents that are perfect reasoners, loyal, and that can take advantage of both the knowledge and ignorance of other agents. The knowledge representation formalism we use is (full) first order predicate calculus, where different agents are represented by different theories, and reasoning about reasoning is realized via a meta-level representation of knowledge and reasoning. The framework we provide is pretty general: we illustrate it by showing a machine checked solution to the three wisemen puzzle. The agents' knowledge is organized into units: the agent's own knowledge about the world and its knowledge about other agents are units containing object-level knowledge; a unit containing meta-level knowledge embodies the reasoning about reasoning and realizes the link among units. In the paper we illustrate the meta-level architecture we propose for problem solving in a multi-agent scenario; we discuss our approach in relation to the modal one and we compare it with other meta-level architectures based on logic. Finally, we look at a class of applications that can be effectively modeled by exploiting the meta-level approach to reasoning about knowledge and reasoning. 相似文献
102.
Michelangelo Diligenti Marco Gori Marco Maggini Leonardo Rigutini 《Machine Learning》2012,86(1):57-88
We propose a general framework to incorporate first-order logic (FOL) clauses, that are thought of as an abstract and partial
representation of the environment, into kernel machines that learn within a semi-supervised scheme. We rely on a multi-task
learning scheme where each task is associated with a unary predicate defined on the feature space, while higher level abstract
representations consist of FOL clauses made of those predicates. We re-use the kernel machine mathematical apparatus to solve
the problem as primal optimization of a function composed of the loss on the supervised examples, the regularization term,
and a penalty term deriving from forcing real-valued constraints deriving from the predicates. Unlike for classic kernel machines,
however, depending on the logic clauses, the overall function to be optimized is not convex anymore. An important contribution
is to show that while tackling the optimization by classic numerical schemes is likely to be hopeless, a stage-based learning
scheme, in which we start learning the supervised examples until convergence is reached, and then continue by forcing the
logic clauses is a viable direction to attack the problem. Some promising experimental results are given on artificial learning
tasks and on the automatic tagging of bibtex entries to emphasize the comparison with plain kernel machines. 相似文献
103.
Lorella Fatone Marco Giacinti Francesca Mariani Maria Cristina Recchioni Francesco Zirilli 《The Journal of supercomputing》2012,62(3):1480-1501
This paper shows two examples of how the analysis of option pricing problems can lead to computational methods efficiently implemented in parallel. These computational methods outperform ??general purpose?? methods (i.e., for example, Monte Carlo, finite differences methods). The GPU implementation of two numerical algorithms to price two specific derivatives (continuous barrier options and realized variance options) is presented. These algorithms are implemented in CUDA subroutines ready to run on Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) and their performance is studied. The realization of these subroutines is motivated by the extensive use of the derivatives considered in the financial markets to hedge or to take risk and by the interest of financial institutions in the use of state of the art hardware and software to speed up the decision process. The performance of these algorithms is measured using the (CPU/GPU) speed up factor, that is using the ratio between the (wall clock) times required to execute the code on a CPU and on a GPU. The choice of the reference CPU and GPU used to evaluate the speed up factors presented is stated. The outstanding performance of the algorithms developed is due to the mathematical properties of the pricing formulae used and to the ad hoc software implementation. In the case of realized variance options when the computation is done in single precision the comparisons between CPU and GPU execution times gives speed up factors of the order of a few hundreds. For barrier options, the corresponding speed up factors are of about fifteen, twenty. The CUDA subroutines to price barrier options and realized variance options can be downloaded from the website http://www.econ.univpm.it/recchioni/finance/w13. A?more general reference to the work in mathematical finance of some of the authors and of their coauthors is the website http://www.econ.univpm.it/recchioni/finance/. 相似文献
104.
Paulo Leit?o J. Marco Mendes Axel Bepperling Daniel Cachapa Armando W. Colombo Francisco Restivo 《Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing》2012,23(6):2551-2563
Engineering frameworks are currently required to support the easy, low-cost, modular and integrated development of manufacturing systems addressing the emergent requirements of re-configurability, responsiveness and robustness. This paper discusses the integration of 2D/3D digital software tools with Petri net based service-oriented frameworks to allow the design, configuration, analysis, validation, simulation, monitoring and control of manufacturing systems in a virtual environment and its posterior smooth migration into the real ??physical?? environment. An experimental case study was implemented to validate the proposed concepts, using the Continuum platform to design, compose, analyze, validate and simulate the Petri nets based service-oriented manufacturing control system, and the Delmia AutomationTM software suite to support the rapid prototyping and the easy simulation of the designed control solution. The experimental results prove several aspects of the proposed approach, notably the smooth migration between the design and the operation phases, one of the main objectives of the work. 相似文献
105.
106.
Dario Natali Mario Caironi Marco Sampietro Andrew P. Meacham Steven J. Vickers Michael D. Ward 《Optical Materials》2006,28(12):1362-1365
We report on the electrochromic behavior of a dinuclear ruthenium complex, which provides high environmental stability together with an intense absorption maximum at 1237 nm in solution in its +3 oxidation state. To verify its optoelectronic properties, we used this complex as the photoactive material in a planar photodetector prototype for near-infrared light pulses, succeeding in the detection of a train of light pulses at a wavelength of 1280 nm. 相似文献
107.
Quattor: Tools and Techniques for the Configuration,Installation and Management of Large-Scale Grid Computing Fabrics 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R. García Leiva M. Barroso López G. Cancio Meliá B. Chardi Marco L. Cons P. Poznański A. Washbrook E. Ferro A. Holt 《Journal of Grid Computing》2004,2(4):313-322
This paper describes the quattor tool suite, a new system for the installation, configuration, and management of operating systems and application software for computing fabrics. At present Unix derivatives such as Linux and Solaris are supported. Quattor is a powerful, portable and modular open source solution that has been shown to scale to thousands of computing nodes and offers a significant reduction in management costs for large computing fabrics. The quattor tool suite includes innovations compared to existing solutions which make it very useful for computing fabrics integrated into grid environments. Evaluations of the tool suite in current large scale computing environments are presented. 相似文献
108.
The hyper-cube framework for ant colony optimization. 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Christian Blum Marco Dorigo 《IEEE transactions on systems, man, and cybernetics. Part B, Cybernetics》2004,34(2):1161-1172
Ant colony optimization is a metaheuristic approach belonging to the class of model-based search algorithms. In this paper, we propose a new framework for implementing ant colony optimization algorithms called the hyper-cube framework for ant colony optimization. In contrast to the usual way of implementing ant colony optimization algorithms, this framework limits the pheromone values to the interval [0,1]. This is obtained by introducing changes in the pheromone value update rule. These changes can in general be applied to any pheromone value update rule used in ant colony optimization. We discuss the benefits coming with this new framework. The benefits are twofold. On the theoretical side, the new framework allows us to prove that in Ant System, the ancestor of all ant colony optimization algorithms, the average quality of the solutions produced increases in expectation over time when applied to unconstrained problems. On the practical side, the new framework automatically handles the scaling of the objective function values. We experimentally show that this leads on average to a more robust behavior of ant colony optimization algorithms. 相似文献
109.
Marco Alberti Marco Gavanelli Evelina Lamma Paola Mello Paolo Torroni 《Electronic Notes in Theoretical Computer Science》2004,85(2):94
In this paper we propose a logic-based social approach to the specification and verification of agent interaction. We firstly introduce integrity constraints about social acts (called Social Integrity Constraints) as a formalism to express interaction protocols and to give a social semantics to the behavior of agents, focusing on communicative acts. Then, we discuss several possible kinds of verification of agent interaction, and we show how social integrity constraints can be used to verify some properties in this respect. We focus our attention on static verification of compliance of agent specifications to interaction protocols, and on run-time verification, based on agents' observable behavior. We adopt as a running example the NetBill security transaction protocol for the selling and delivery of information goods. 相似文献
110.
The current ACL proposals show some shortcomings with respect to the definition of their semantics. Our paper aims at tackling those issues by defining an ACL semantics as a specification of the analytical effects of agent communicative acts. We analyze agent communication in terms of concepts taken from Speech Act Theory, as several researchers have already done, but move away from the mainstream view of artificial agent research, as we define communicative acts in terms of changes at the level of social relationship between agents. We take commitment to be a primitive concept underlying the social dimension of multiagent systems, and define a basic artificial institution whose aim is to provide agents with the means to affect the commitment network that binds them to each other. 相似文献