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41.
Si-doped GaAs/AlGaAs multi-quantum wells structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy on (100) and (311)B GaAs substrates have
been studied by using conventional deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and high-resolution Laplace DLTS techniques. One
dominant electron-emitting level is observed in the quantum wells structure grown on (100) plane whose activation energy varies
from 0.47 to 1.3 eV as junction electric field varies from zero field (edge of the depletion region) to 4.7 × 106 V/m. Two defect states with activation energies of 0.24 and 0.80 eV are detected in the structures grown on (311)B plane.
The Ec-0.24 eV trap shows that its capture cross-section is strongly temperature dependent, whilst the other two traps show no such
dependence. The value of the capture barrier energy of the trap at Ec-0.24 eV is 0.39 eV. 相似文献
42.
Poly(styrene)‐poly(lactide) (PS‐PLA), poly (tert‐butyl styrene)‐poly(lactide) (PtBuS‐PLA) diblocks, and poly(tert‐butyl styrene)‐poly(styrene)‐poly(lactide) (PtBuS‐PS‐PLA) segmented and tapered triblocks of controlled segment lengths were synthesized using nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerization. Well‐defined PLA‐functionalized macromediators derived from hydroxyl terminated TEMPO (PLAT) of various molecular weights mediated polymerizations of the styrenic monomers in bulk and in dimethylformamide (DMF) solution at 120–130°C. PS‐PLA and PtBuS‐PLA diblocks were characterized by narrow molecular weight distributions (polydispersity index (Mw/Mn) < 1.3) when using the PLAT mediator with the lowest number average molecular weight Mn= 6.1 kg/mol while broader molecular weight distributions were exhibited (Mw/Mn = 1.47‐1.65) when using higher molecular weight mediators (Mn = 7.4 kg/mol and 11.3 kg/mol). Segmented PtBuS‐PS‐PLA triblocks were initiated cleanly from PtBuS‐PLA diblocks although polymerizations were very rapid with PS segments ~ 5–10 kg/mol added within 3–10 min of polymerization at 130°C in 50 wt % DMF solution. Tapering from the PtBuS to the PS segment in semibatch mode at a lower temperature of 120°C and in 50 wt % DMF solution was effective in incorporating a short random segment of PtBuS‐ran‐PS while maintaining a relatively narrow monomodal molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn ≈ 1.5). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008 相似文献
43.
Dongchul Kang Mari Hakamatsuka Kenichi Kojima Masaru Tachibana 《Diamond and Related Materials》2010,19(5-6):578-580
Fine structure of the Raman D band in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) was investigated by heating and laser irradiation. It is shown that the D band is composed of three components at ~ 1313, 1340, and 1355 cm? 1, denoted by D1, D2, and D3, respectively. The D1 and D2 intensities significantly increase with laser irradiation in air and vacuum, respectively. The D3 intensity drastically increases with heating in air. From these results, it is suggested that the fine structure of the D band is attributed to different kinds of defects introduced in SWNTs. 相似文献
44.
Nanoparticles were prepared by the thermosensitive aggregation of the elastin model polypeptide, (GVGVP)251, and gamma-ray crosslinking. Three different heating processes, “slow heating,” “fast heating,” and “heat shock,” were used
for the aggregation of the peptide, followed by gamma-ray crosslinking. Only the “heat shock” process successfully yielded
stable nanoparticles with diameters of less than ca. 150 nm and a narrow size distribution. Circular dichroism (CD) spectrometry
showed that this polypeptide formed a type-II β-turn structure when the temperature was increased to above the cloudy point
in the case of the “heat shock” process; suggesting that this structure might contribute to stable nanoparticle formation
by gamma-rays. CD spectrometry also suggested that this structure would be affected during the formation of stable crosslinked
particles. 相似文献
45.
Mari Kallioinen Mika Mänttäri Jutta Nuortila-Jokinen Timo Sutela 《Desalination》2010,250(3):1002-1004
The total effluent load of a paper mill can be significantly decreased by recycling of purified clear filtrate (CF) back to paper-making process. The CF treated with membranes can be reused, for instance, as wire section shower water and in the dilution of chemicals. The main requirements for a membrane in CF treatment are high filtration capacity, high retention of turbidity and low fouling tendency. Previous studies have shown that the regenerated cellulose (RC) ultrafiltration (UF) membrane C30F (current trade name UC030T) is especially suitable for the treatment of paper mill process waters. Every paper-making process is, however, different. Thus, filtration experiments are required in order to find the most optimal membrane for the treatment of a certain process water. In this study the best membrane for the treatment of acidic clear filtrate (ACF) was searched. The performance of the C30F membrane was compared with five UF and three microfiltration (MF) membranes. The results revealed that in addition to the C30F membrane, also some other membranes produced high filtration capacity with ACF (approximately 200 L/(m2h bar)). All the tested membranes also retained over 90% of turbidity. The extremely hydrophilic C30F membrane had, however, lower fouling tendency compared to the other tested membranes. Therefore, it was concluded that the C30F membranes were the best possible membrane for the ACF treatment. 相似文献
46.
Dr. Francesca Ferlenghi Dr. Michele Mari Prof. Gabriella Gobbi Dr. Gian Marco Elisi Prof. Marco Mor Prof. Silvia Rivara Prof. Federica Vacondio Dr. Silvia Bartolucci Prof. Annalida Bedini Dr. Fabiola Fanini Prof. Gilberto Spadoni 《ChemMedChem》2021,16(19):3071-3082
The MT2-selective melatonin receptor ligand UCM765 (N-(2-((3-methoxyphenyl)(phenyl)amino)ethyl)acetamide), showed interesting sleep inducing, analgesic and anxiolytic properties in rodents, but suffers from low water solubility and modest metabolic stability. To overcome these limitations, different strategies were investigated, including modification of metabolically liable sites, introduction of hydrophilic substituents and design of more basic derivatives. Thermodynamic solubility, microsomal stability and lipophilicity of new compounds were experimentally evaluated, together with their MT1 and MT2 binding affinities. Introduction of a m-hydroxymethyl substituent on the phenyl ring of UCM765 and replacement of the replacement of the N,N-diphenyl-amino scaffold with a N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino one led to highly soluble compounds with good microsomal stability and receptor binding affinity. Docking studies into the receptor crystal structure provided a rationale for their binding affinity. Pharmacokinetic characterization in rats highlighted higher plasma concentrations for the N-methyl-N-phenyl-amino derivative, consistent with its improved microsomal stability and makes this compound worthy of consideration for further pharmacological investigation. 相似文献
47.
Makoto Morinaga Naoki Sako Mari Isobe Sachiko Lee-Hotta Hideshi Sugiura Satoshi Kametaka 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(6)
Cachexia is a multifactorial syndrome characterized by muscle loss that cannot be reversed by conventional nutritional support. To uncover the molecular basis underlying the onset of cancer cachectic muscle wasting and establish an effective intervention against muscle loss, we used a cancer cachectic mouse model and examined the effects of aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise successfully suppressed muscle atrophy and activated adiponectin signaling. Next, a cellular model for cancer cachectic muscle atrophy using C2C12 myotubes was prepared by treating myotubes with a conditioned medium from a culture of colon-26 cancer cells. Treatment of the atrophic myotubes with recombinant adiponectin was protective against the thinning of cells through the increased production of p-mTOR and suppression of LC3-II. Altogether, these findings suggest that the activation of adiponectin signaling could be part of the molecular mechanisms by which aerobic exercise ameliorates cancer cachexia-induced muscle wasting. 相似文献
48.
Marisa Di Sabatino Mari Juel Lars Arnberg Martin Syvertsen Gabriella Tranell 《Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals》2009,62(4-5):511-513
Two different cooling rates have been imposed during the early solidification of two multi-crystalline silicon ingots with 250mm diameter and 100mm height in a pilot scale directional solidification furnace. This has been done by opening a variable heat leak system below the crucible in order to achieve a high initial cooling rate in one of the ingots. The grain-structure and -orientation of these two ingots have been investigated by light microscopy (LM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD), and their electrical properties by quasi-steady state photo-conductance (QSSPC) and surface photovoltage (SPV) method. The ingot with the high initial cooling rate shows predominantly grains which are significantly larger than what is usually found in mc-Si. The minority carrier diffusion lengths measured on the large grains in the ingot with high cooling rate show higher values than those measured on the ingot with smaller grains. These results indicate that principles of grain size and -orientation control in mc-Si ingots can be applied to a pilot scale furnace, and the potential for up-scaling to industrial ingots with improved electrical properties and, thus, higher solar cell conversion efficiency. 相似文献
49.
A numerical model for the coupled analysis of cross-sections made of anisotropic materials under general combined loading was formulated in an accompanying paper (1). In this paper, additional aspects concerning its implementation and the scheme for nonlinear analysis are discussed. The model is validated by analyzing several isotropic and anisotropic elastic problems; excellent accuracy was obtained compared to closed-form solutions. Further, the case of a RC section presenting crack-induced anisotropy is investigated. The capability of the model to capture interactions between tangent and normal forces is proved. The conclusion drawn is that the developed model is a suitable sectional constitutive equation for 3D beam elements for realistic structural analysis. 相似文献
50.
Extrusion of paste materials is a means of processing powder materials to a granulated form. A powder material is mixed with a liquid and transformed to the form of paste. The paste has to have the appropriate flow properties to be able to be extruded. This is very important especially in the area of reduction between the barrel and die. There is the place where the paste has to deform itself and to flow into the holes of die that have a smaller cross section than is in the barrel. It is the zone where the rheology properties of paste and its speed have the biggest influence on the extrusion pressure. It can even happen that the paste can be dewatered under the pressure gradient in this place. If the rotor with blades is situated in this zone it has a positive influence on the process of extrusion. This element has an influence on the rate of shear strain and decreasing of the apparent viscosity with a following drop in the extrusion pressure. This paper describes research of the process of extrusion in equipment with separated drives of the screw and a rotor that is placed in the input zone in the hole of matrix. First influence of the operating speeds of screw and rotor on extrusion pressure is studied here, then it is compared with the torque that is needed for the drive of the rotor. According to the results it is evident that the extrusion pressure increases with the accrual of the speed of flowing paste and decreases with the increase of the rotors operating speed. The influence of flowing paste on the torque is complicated. There is an interval where the torque goes up and then an interval in which the torque decreases. The results of experiments confirmed that the rotor has a positive influence on the process of extrusion.We would like to thank the Grant Agency of the Slovak Republic for supporting our research work performed in the frame of Grant Project No.1/8092/01. 相似文献