A Single Bout of Ultra-Endurance Exercise Reveals Early Signs of Muscle Aging in Master Athletes

Middle-aged and master endurance athletes exhibit similar physical performance and long-term muscle adaptation to aerobic exercise. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that the short-term plasticity of the skeletal muscle might be distinctly altered for master athletes when they are challenged by a single bout of prolonged moderate-intensity exercise. Six middle-aged (37Y) and five older (50Y) master highly-trained athletes performed a 24-h treadmill run (24TR). Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were collected before and after the run and assessed for proteomics, fiber morphometry, intramyocellular lipid droplets (LD), mitochondrial oxidative activity, extracellular matrix (ECM), and micro-vascularisation. Before 24TR, muscle fiber type morphometry, intramyocellular LD, oxidative activity, ECM and micro-vascularisation were similar between master and middle-aged runners. For 37Y runners, 24TR was associated with ECM thickening, increased capillary-to-fiber interface, and an 89% depletion of LD in type-I fibers. In contrast, for 50Y runners, 24TR did not alter ECM and capillarization and poorly depleted LDs. Moreover, an impaired succinate dehydrogenase activity and functional class scoring of proteomes suggested reduced oxidative phosphorylation post-24TR exclusively in 50Y muscle. Collectively, our data support that middle-aged and master endurance athletes exhibit distinct transient plasticity in response to a single bout of ultra-endurance exercise, which may constitute early signs of muscle aging for master athletes.     

X100管线钢在水饱和酸性土壤中的电化学阻抗谱特征

利用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)研究X100管线钢在水饱和酸性土壤中短期的电化学腐蚀行为。结果表明,X100管线钢在鹰潭水饱和土壤中浸泡104 h后已产生点蚀。腐蚀过程的EIS谱具有两个时间常数特征,高频区为代表反应的容抗弧,低频区为代表吸附或点蚀形核期产生的感抗弧。腐蚀初期(1 h～33 h),由于水饱和土壤介质电导率较低,电极反应过程受扩散控制;腐蚀产物在电极表面积累对反应离子扩散有阻碍作用,使阻抗增大;腐蚀产物膜疏松多孔,形成局部活化区域,使阻抗减小;Cl~-对腐蚀产物膜有破坏作用且在膜内局部地区浓缩,诱发点蚀,使阻抗减小,出现感抗特征。     

叠前时间偏移方法综述

对叠前时间偏移的基本概念、实现方法进行了分类和阐述。从实现目标来说，叠前时间偏移方法主要分为两类，即用于准确构造成像的叠前时间偏移和振幅保持叠前时间偏移。每一类方法都有两种实现方式：Kirchhoff型和波动方程型。对这些叠前时间偏移实现方法的原理和特点进行了比较详细的论述。同时指出，叠前时间偏移和深度偏移的联合应用，能够起到优势互补的作用，是叠前时间偏移在实际应用中的发展方向；而叠前配套技术的研究和更好适应不同观测系统的全三维、高精度、振幅保持叠前时间偏移方法，是地震叠前时间成像研究领域的发展方向。     

Prognostics and Health Management of PEMFC – State of the art and remaining challenges

Fuel Cell systems (FC) represent a promising alternative energy source. However, even if this technology is close to being competitive, it is not ready for large scale industrial deployment: FC still must be optimized, particularly by increasing their limited lifespan. This involves a better understanding of wearing processes and requires emulating the behavior of the whole system. Furthermore, a new area of science and technology emerges: Prognostics and Health Management (PHM) appears to be of great interest to face the problems of health assessment and life prediction of FCs. According to this, the aim of this paper is to present the current state of the art on PHM of FCs, more precisely of Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC) stack. PHM discipline is described in order to depict the processing layers that allow early deviations detection, avoiding faults, deciding mitigation actions, and thereby increasing the useful life of FCs. On this basis, a taxonomy of existing works on PHM of PEMFC is given, highlighting open problems to be addressed. The whole enables getting a better understanding of remaining challenging issues in this area.     

一种推广的自适应相干累积算法—基本原理与应用

本文提出一种推广的自适应相干累积（GACI）算法，它是通过在自适应相干累积（ACI）算法权系数迭代公式中引入更多的动量因子，即利用权系数更多的历史信息，使被检测的单频或调频脉冲信号，在脉冲持续期间，实现自适应相干累积，从而完成弱输入信噪比（如-8dB）条件下的信号检测，而无需或很少需要知道信号的先验信息，文中叙述了算法的基本原理及部分典型的实时实验结果，指出GACI算法具有比ACI算法更好的提取弱信号的能力，预计将有广泛的实际应用前景。     

井间地震勘探的误区及出路

井间地震勘探的目的是获得主频和分辨率都很高的地下记录。然而,目前的井间地震勘探陷进了一个误区,即井间地震勘探的大部分射线都落在临界角以外的区域。本文通过对一些实例的分析,确信井间地震勘探的射线入射角小于或大于临界角是成功或失败的标志。文中采用弹性波波动方程正演模型论证,当地层水平时,在井下激发,地震波场在左、右两侧很快超过了临界角,形成极为复杂的波场紊乱区(笔者称之为“牛角尖”)。在这个区域内,射线理论已经不再适用,初至也无法准确拾取,造成了井间成像的极大困难。据此,文中明确指出了今后发展井间地震勘探工作的出路在于将射线的入射角控制在临界角以内并保证震源有足够的能量。     

稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移方法

本文针对HuangLJ等（1999）在“扩展的局部Born Fourier偏移方法”一文中提出的散射波场计算公式在强横向变速介质的不稳定性,提出了一种新的Born近似散射场计算公式,并把该公式应用于波场递归于推过程中,进而得到一种稳定的Born近似叠前深度偏移方法。与Split-Step Fourier方法和Phase-Screen方法相比,本方法对Marmousi模型炮集数据的偏移处理取得了良好的结果。本文提出了的Born近似散射场计算公式可扩大Born近似的应用范围,对散射波扬的计算有一定的理论意义应用价值。     

利用波动分析法研究惠民凹陷沙四段和孔店组的地层剥蚀厚度

根据波动分析法原理,结合惠民凹陷地质条件,把惠民凹陷划分为4个地质波动单元,在各单元建立从单井到区域的波动方程,通过寻找不同时期的地层沉积周期波,判断沉积缺失的原因及缺失量.研究结果表明:沙四段和孔店组普遍遭受剥蚀,但地层剥蚀厚度较大的区域主要集中在凹陷边缘靠近隆起区或边界断层附近,而凸起区的剥蚀厚度较小,且孔店组的地层剥蚀厚度明显大于沙四段的,凹陷内部的剥蚀厚度较小,对其内部烃源岩的破坏作用较小,有利于已生成烃类的保存.因此,沙四段上亚段和孔二段烃源岩应成为今后油气勘探的一个重要方向.     

反舰导弹雷达抗箔条干扰方案探讨

本文对各种雷达抗箔条方法做了综述。从抗箔条性能的角度讨论频率捷变雷达,其信噪比有可能提高32dB。根据箔条的雷达反射截面的计算方法,讨论了自适应极化对消箔条干扰的可行性。     

A constitutive model for granular materials considering grain breakage

A particle breakage has a significant impact on the mechanical behavior of granular materials. In this paper, we present an elasto-plastic model with two yield surfaces to which the influence of particle breakage has been introduced. The main feature of this model is to incorporate the change in the critical state line (CSL) consequent to the grain breakage induced by isotropic and deviatoric stresses during loading. For this purpose we propose a breakage function which connects the evolution of the CSL to ...