Characterisation of volatile compounds in Tunisian fenugreek seeds

In this study, we intend to develop a simple and fast analytical procedure to identify the volatile compounds implicated in the odour of Tunisian fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graceum L.) seeds. Two procedures, solvent extraction and static headspace solid-phase microextraction (SHS-SPME), have been used under different conditions. The volatile compounds extracted were systematically identified using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, based on their mass spectrum and Kovats index on two columns of different polarity. A total of 67 compounds were identified, some of them being reported for the first time in fenugreek seeds (e.g. several pyrazines, 2,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxy-3(2H)-furanone or 1-epi-cubenol). Methanol was found to be the preferred solvent for high and medium boiling point volatile compounds, such as sotolone and nitrogen compounds. For SHS-SPME, the fibre coated with divinylbenzene/carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane 2 cm was the most suitable for extracting volatile compounds from ground seeds. The efficiency of this fibre was confirmed by direct gas chromatography–olfactometry, with a global odour similar to that of fenugreek seeds.     

结构光三维视觉

本文介绍了一种用于焊接机器人自动规划的三维视觉的设计原理,并着重描述了实现信息处理的几个关键技术.     

一种非线性分形的时间序列模型表示法

提出了一种基于非线性映射的迭代函数系统（ Ｉ Ｆ Ｓ）,并以此作为一个时间序列的模型。为了保证模型成立,文中给出了映射收缩条件并进行了证明。非线性函数以分段函数形式给出,文中讨论了当非线性函数取为多项式形式时模型的求解方法,并对湖底回波进行了实验。实验结果表明,非线性 Ｉ Ｆ Ｓ产生的吸引子能够很好地逼近原信号。     

SECOND-ORDER DRIFT FORCES AND MOMENTS BETWEEN TWO SUBMERGED BODIES IN WAVES ON 3D METHOD

Two near field methods, namely the integral method and differential method, were presented for giving second-order mean drift forces and moments between two fixed submerged bodies in regular waves. For the integral method, with a series of mathematical manipulations, second order drift forces and moments could be easily expressed by distributed sources which could be calculated by source distribution techniques with the assumption that the amplitude of ship motions are small on the basis of the linear 3D frequency theory. For the differential method, drift forces and moments could be expressed by the derivative of velocity potential with respect to space coordinate. Because two bodies would behaveas a single body while the clearance is very large, the numerical results of one sphere in such case were given and compared with analytical results of a single sphere which does not involve the effect of free surface. When submerged depth becomes enough large, a good agreement can be reached. Then the integral method was used to predict the second order drift forces and moments of two submerged spheres and spheroids with a small lateral separation distance in waves compared with the numerical results obtained by the differential method and they agree well. By comparison, it indicates the interaction effects between two submerged bodies have a profound influence on the drift forces and moments. In this paper, the forward speed effect on submerged spheres was also considered.     

More on the reactivity of olivine LiFePO4 nano-particles with atmosphere at moderate temperature

The changes appearing for LiFePO₄-C nano-composites exposed to atmosphere at 120 °C have been structurally and chemically examined by the use of TGA, XRD, XPS, Mössbauer, ⁷Li MAS NMR and electrochemical methods. The results conclude that a highly disordered phase resulting from the aging of LiFePO₄ appears on the surface of the grains of the material, is assigned to a phosphate phase and can insert lithium around 2.6 V with poor reversibility. The essential role of water has been investigated and clearly demonstrated. Thus, the aging mechanism occurring in hot humid air is completely different from a simple oxidation as well as from the aging process observed above 150 °C and involves the incorporation of hydroxyl groups. In addition, Fe₂O₃ formation has not been observed for such an aging in mild conditions.     

喷涂聚脲弹性体技术及其在重防腐领域的应用

从发展简史、化学原理、关键技术、材料性能、应用 领域等方面，较系统、全面地介绍了“喷涂聚脲弹性体”(Spray Polyurea Elastomer 以下简称SPUA)技术的发展。     

VSP数据波动方程叠前深度偏移成像及立体地震成像

本文从三维声波方程出发,通过引入参考速度,推导出折射项和绕射项方程,并对绕射项进行优化展开,得到适应任意变速情况下的VSP数据波动方程叠前深度偏移方程及其差分格式;讨论了有限差分法的误差补偿、波场成像条件;基于波场传播的线性叠加原理,在一定成像条件下,提出了把地面地震记录、VSP记录及井间地震记录偏移到同一成像空间的完整的地震地像方法--立体地震成像。立体地震成像实质是：地面地震数据、VSP数据及井中反射地震数据的成像过程可以统一成一个波动方程叠前深度偏移过程,同时,每种数据的成像结果也可以单独输出。模型试算结果表明,在立体地震成像过程中,每一种观测方式对目标地质体的照明范围不同,它们对目标地质体的成像互为补充与加强,使得目标地质体的成像更加精细。     

一种新的全局最优化反演计算方法

本文提出了一种新的最优化算法－坐标扰动法。该方法只需利用目标函数值,无需函数的导数,以正交的坐标轴方向为基本的搜索方向,当沿某基本的搜索方向搜索失败时,则对其进行扰动,从而改善其收敛性、达到全局收敛的目的。文中以一个函数极值求解问题和一维正交各向异性介质波形反演问题为例所进行的计算处理结果表明,本文提出的方法具有良好的全局收敛性,几乎不依赖于初值,便能以较高的精度逼近最优解。     

Endothelial Cells Activated by Extracellular Histones Promote Foxp3+ Suppressive Treg Cells In Vitro

Histones are widely recognized as pro-inflammatory mediators upon their release from the nucleus into the extracellular space. However, their impact on endothelial cell immunogenicity is unknown. Endothelial cells, Human Microvascular Endothelial cells 1 (HMEC1), have been exposed to recombinant histones in order to study their effect on the endothelial phenotype. We then studied the differentiation of CD4⁺-T lymphocytes subpopulations after three days of interaction with endothelial cells in vitro and observed that histone-treated endothelial cells differentiate a suppressive FoxP3⁺ T regulator subpopulation that expressed Human Leucocyte Antigen DR (HLA-DR) and Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte-Associated protein 4 (CTLA4). Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibition significantly decreased the expansion of these Treg cells. Moreover, blockade of Interleukin (IL)-6 and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule (ICAM)-1 in cocultures significantly decreased the expansion of Tregs, suggesting an IL-6 and ICAM-1 dependent pathway. Thus, beyond their inflammatory effects, extracellular histones may induce an increase of immunosuppressive Treg population via their action on endothelial cells. Further studies are needed to evaluate the impact on immunosuppression of an increase of peripheral suppressive Treg via endothelial cell activation by histones in vivo.