THE RE-DERIVATION OF THE VORTICITY EQUATION OF THE LAYERED FLOW OF THE SHALLOW SEA

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＦｏｒｔｈｅｌａｒｇｅ ｓｃａｌｅｏｃｅａｎｉｃｆｌｏｗ ,ｐｅｏｐｌｅｕｓｕａｌｌｙｓｅｅｋｔｈｅｓｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｑｕａｓｉ ｇｅｏｓｔｒｏｐｈｉｃｖｏｒｔｉｃｉ ｔｙｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｄｅｒｉｖｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｈｅｐｅｒｔｕｒｂａｔｉｏｎｂｙｕｓｉｎｇＲｏｓｓｂｙｎｕｍｂｅｒεａｓａｌｉｔｔｌｅｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒ.Ａｎｉｍｐｏｒｔａｎｔａｐｐｒｏｘｉｍａｔｉｏｎｗｈｅｎｄｅｄｕｃｔｉｎｇｖｏｒｔｉｃｉｔｙｅｑｕａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｌａｙｅｒｅｄｓｅａｗａｔ…     

Influence of built environment on pedestrian's crossing decision

The objective of this experimental study is to identify the differentiation made by pedestrians, in their crossing decision, between various urban environments, notably in terms of perception of walking pleasantness and safety. This experiment further aims to identify the environmental features that pedestrians take into account and the inferences they develop and use to explain their road crossing decision. Sets of photographs presenting five different environments (city center, inner suburbs, public housing in the outskirts, commercial zone in the outskirts and countryside) were presented to 77 participants divided up into three age groups (pre-adolescents, young and middle adults). Their decision to cross or not, their perception of pleasantness and safety, and the elements they take into account to make a decision were collected for each environment presented. The quantitative results show the pedestrians’ perceptions of the pleasantness and safety of public spaces, in terms of walking, largely vary with urban environments. Moreover, the crossing decision significantly varies according to the environment. Pedestrians were significantly more inclined to take the decision to cross in city center than in the other sites presented. The qualitative analysis of the interviews shows that the presence and function of the buildings, the quality of the sidewalks and the marked parking spaces are key factors to explain their crossing decision, by enabling them to infer the density of pedestrians and traffic and the vehicle speed.     

等离子喷涂耐冲蚀陶瓷涂层的性能研究

采用等离子喷涂工艺在高锰铝青铜基体上制备了 Al2O3-13%TiO2和Cr2O3·5SiO2·3TiO2两种耐冲蚀复合涂层,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光扫描显微镜(LSM)等手段观察分析了两种涂层的组织形貌,测试了两种涂层的显微硬度和结合强度,用电化学测量和失重测量分别研究了两种涂层在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电...     

涡轮增压器叶轮超速预过载处理技术的研究(1)——超速预过载叶轮残余变形场分析

利用循环对称条件，将增压器叶轮简化为由实体单元与平面壳体单元组合而成的有限元分析模型。用模塑性有限元法分析超速预过载处理后叶轮的残余位移，应变及应力场、给出相应的求解结果。将叶轮关键部位的实测值与计算结果比较，结果表明本文所采用的有限元分析模型是可行的，弹塑性有限元分析结果可作为叶轮设计及加工工艺的参考。     

等旅行时面共反射面元叠加的应用研究

本文基于克希霍夫成像理论,对共反射面元(CRS)叠加方法进行了深入分析,阐述了等旅行时面共反射面元叠加方法(CRS-OIS)原理及其测试效果。指出CRS-OIS是对于传统共反射面元叠加方法的重要改进,它简化了传统CRS叠加方法,可以同时得到信噪比大幅度提高的叠前道集与零炮检距成像剖面。该方法首次被用于南海深水二维地震数据处理,处理结果表明基底与莫霍面的成像品质得到明显改善,提高了剖面的可解释性。     

NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE QUASI-GLOBAL OCEAN CIRCULATION BASED ON POM

A free surface quasi-global ocean circulation model, Princeton Ocean Model (POM), was adopted to simulate the climatological circulation. The horizontal resolution of the model was 1/2~X 1/2~ with 16 vertical sigma layers. The initial temperature and salinity fields of the model were interpolated from the Levitus data, and the COADS(Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set ) monthly mean SST and wind fields were used as the surface forcing. The integral time length is 6a. The main general circulation components such as the equatorial current, the equatorial undercurrent, the south and north equatorial currents, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), the Kuroshio and the Gulf Stream were well reconstructed. The volume transports of PN section and ACC agree well with the estimations on field survey. Up to now there is no global or quasi-global circulation model results using POM in literature. Our results demonstrate that POM has sound ability to simulate the coastal circulation as well as the general ocean circulation. And this result can provide open boundary conditions for fine resolution regional ocean circulation models.     

THE VERTICAL THERMAL STRUCTURE OF THE INDIAN OCEAN DIPOLE MODE FROM WOCE DATA

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＩｔｉｓｋｎｏｗｎｔｈａｔｔｈｅｔｒｏｐｉｃａｌｏｃｅａｎ ａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｓｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｅｔｏｓｍａｌｌｆｌｕｃｔｕａｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｈｅｓｅａｓｕｒｆａｃｅｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ (ＰａｌｍｅｒａｎｄＭａｎｓｆｉｅｌｄ ,1 986) .Ｔｈｉｓｓｅｎｓｉｔｉｖｉｔｙｓｔｅｍｓｆｏｒｍｔｈｅｓｉｍｉｌａｒｉｔｙｉｎｓｃａｌｅｓｏｆｍｏｔｉｏｎｂｅｔｗｅｅｎａｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｅａｎｄｏｃｅａｎｎｅａｒｔｈｅｅ ｑｕａｔｏｒ.Ｉｎｔｈｅｌａｓｔｔｗｏｄｅｃａｄ…     

POTENTIAL APPLICATION FOREGROUND OF OCEAN MODE IN NAVY OCEANOGRAPHY

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＪｕｓｔａｓｌｉｇｈｔｃａｎｂｅｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｔｏ 7ｃｏｌｏｒｓａｎｄｍｕｓｉｃｉｎｔｏ 7ｎｏｔｅｓ,ｔｈｅｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｖｅｒｔｉｃａｌｐｒｏｆｉｌｅｓｏｆｏｃｅａｎｄｙｎａｍｉｃａｌｆａｃｔｏｒｓａｎｄｓｏｕｎｄｓｐｅｅｄｃａｎａｌｓｏｂｅｄｅｃｏｍｐｏｓｅｄｉｎｔｏａｓｅｒｉｅｓｏｆｎｏｒｍａｌｍｏｄｅｓ[1～ 5] .Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｉｓｆａｃｔ,ｉｎｔｈｅｅａｒｌｙ 1 980ｓＡｍｅｒｉｃａａｃｔｕ ａｌｉｚｅｄｔｈｅＯｃｅａｎｉｃＡｃｏｕｓｔｉｃＴｏｍｏｇ…     

A NUMERICAL STUDY ON THE PATH AND ORIGIN OF THE YELLOW SEA WARM CURRENT (YSWC)

1 .　ＩＮＴＲＯＤＵＣＴＩＯＮＴｈｅＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａ (Ｆｉｇ .1 ) ,ｌｏｃａｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｍｉｄｄｌｅｌａｔｉｔｕｄｅ,ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｔｙｐｉｃａｌｓｅｍｉ ｅｎｃｌｏｓｅｄｓｅａｓｉｎｔｈｅｗｏｒｌｄ ,ｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｍａｘｉｍｕｍｄｅｐｔｈｏｆ 80ｍＦｉｇ .1　ＴｏｐｏｇｒａｐｈｙｏｆｔｈｅＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａａｎｄｔｈｅＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｉｎｔｈｅＹｅｌｌｏｗＳｅａｔｒｏｕｇｈ .ＩｔｉｓｃｏｎｎｅｃｔｅｄｗｉｔｈｔｈｅＰａｃｉｆｉｃＯｃｅａｎｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｔｈｅＥＣＳ .Ｔｈｅ…     

Competition of urea with oilseed proteins

Competition of urea with oilseed proteins in ruminant feeding depends primarily on economic relationships between these ingredients, cost of energy sources and proper feed formulation. A general summary of the more important factors to consider in replacing protein with nonprotein nitrogen in ruminant feeds is presented. Estimated urea utilization in the U.S. grew at a 15.5% compound annual rate from 1962 to 1966. From 1966–1969, usage increased at a 5% compound annual rate. Approximately 650,000 tons of urea were used by the U.S. Feed industry in 1969. Urea usage is expected to continue to grow in the United States. The high cost of energy sources in Western Europe will tend to slow its use by the feed industry of that area. In general, competition of urea with oilseed proteins will be greatest with heavy grain feeding of cattle, low cost grains and high priced oilseed meals. One of 16 papers being published from the Symposium, “Oilseed Processors Challenged by World Protein Needs,” presented at the ISF-AOCS World Congress, Chicago, September 1970.