Synthesis of copolyamides containing octadecanedioic acid: An investigation of nylon 6/6,18 in various ratios

A series of copolyamides of various compositions of nylon 6 and nylon 6,18 were produced. Increased resistance to organic solvents resulted from greater incorporation of nylon 6,18, as shown by decreasing solubility. High‐resolution solution NMR indicated there were four amide carbonyls that corresponded to the four possible pairs of comonomer units, allowing detailed composition determination. The melting points of the comonomers decreased as the ratio of hydrogen bonding amide units to methylene groups increased, going from nylon 6 to copolymers with an increasing number of nylon 6,18 repeat units. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006     

Oxidation of TD nickel at 1050 and 1200°C as compared to three grades of nickel of different purity

The oxidation of three nickels of different purity, Ni-200 ( 4000 ppm impurity), Ni-270 (200 ppm), and JM-Ni (30 ppm) was compared to that of TD-Ni (400 ppm with 24,000 ppm ThO₂). The samples were isothermally oxidized in slowly flowing air at 1050 and 1200°C. All nickels were oxidized with major surfaces either polished, ground, annealed at 1120°C and polished, or annealed at 1240°C and polished. Weight change, metal thickness loss, scale thickness, microstructure, and scale texture were examined. In weight change, metal loss, and scale thickness, the TD-Ni was nearly the same as the higher purity grades, JM-Ni and Ni-270, while Ni-200 oxidized approximately twice as much as the others. Grinding and annealing had only second order effects on these aspects of oxidation behavior. On the other hand, in scale microstructure and texture TD-Ni was similar to the lower purity Ni-200 while Ni-270 was similar to JM-Ni. Grinding did not affect the textures of JM-Ni or Ni-270, which Were (001), but changed the textures of Ni-200 and TD-Ni from (Oil) to (031). Annealing did not affect the microstructure of the oxide layers. A two-layer scale was observed only on the TD-Ni and Ni-200. The presence of ThO₂ in TD-Ni appears to act as an impurity in oxide scale orientation but does not substantially alter the extent of oxidation.     

Review of Caring for Mentally Ill People.

Reviews the book, Caring for Mentally Ill People by Alexander H. Leighton (1982). Leighton has written a case study that concretely takes us from the idealism of the early years of community psychiatry to the harsh disappointments of later years--a span of about twenty-five years. Leighton recounts the history of this rural centre and brings to bear (a) his wide acquaintance with the history of psychiatry as embedded in changing cultural forces, (b) his close ongoing relationship to the centre as head of its research component, and (c) his access to the relevant clinical and policy documents. He attempts to bring some coherence to this body of information by way of discerning key perspectives in the development of psychiatry and especially community psychiatry in North America. The issues dealt with in this book are critical to the community approach. Whether one agrees with Leighton's perspective and method, this book is valuable not only as a case study but also as an example of how the issues are brought into perspective. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Estimating the Inspection Survivability

Expressions are given for the mean and variance of a simple unbiased estimator of the probability that a renewable system will be able to pass a given inspection (inspection survivability). Inspections are periodic and 100% accurate, but can damage the system. Numerical examples illustrate how sample size, inspection interval length, and failure rate affect the estimator's mean and variance.     

Conceptual models of aging: The challenge of a new frontier.

Explores a range of social, professional, and scientific conceptual models to examine their potential impact on the scientific and professional approach to the aging. These models include an economic/productive model, the behavioral medical model, and conceptual models of mental health care. Narrow models have led to beliefs, training, and approaches to practice that reinforce the models and perpetuate a mythology of aging to the detriment of all involved. An opportunity to broaden conceptual horizons by learning about the aged is described. It is proposed that a biopsychosocial model best conceptualizes the complexity of the situation. A commitment to a broad model must incorporate a stance by which strategies are examined in terms of how effective they are, where they are best applied and where they are appropriate, what insights they provide, what risks and benefits accrue to patient and family, and who makes decisions about care. (1 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Professional Identity of Counseling Psychologists.

This research investigated the professional activities of members of the Division of Counseling Psychology (Division 17) of the American Psychological Association. A random sample of 700 Division 17 members was sent surveys; 304 (43.4%) respondents returned completed surveys. Participants perceived themselves as most involved with professional activities associated with short-term, goal-directed counseling and program development and least involved with research and working with paraprofessionals. Participants differed in terms of the frequency with which they perceived themselves performing certain professional activities as well as the importance they placed on these activities as a function of job setting, whether or not they were licensed for private practice, whether or not they were members of a Division other than Division 17, and whether they identified themselves as counseling or clinical psychologists. Despite these differences, common interests emerged among those Division 17 members sampled, indicating a definable applied specialty within psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of irrational beliefs on emotional arousal.

Studied the relationship between the tendency to hold certain irrational beliefs and the likelihood of becoming emotionally aroused in various types of situations. In a correlational study (Exp I), 77 female undergraduates completed a battery of tests including Jones's Irrational Beliefs Test, the Social Avoidance and Distress Scale, and Alpert-Haber Achievement Anxiety Test. Results show a positive relationship between irrational beliefs and the measures of interpersonal, examination, and public speaking anxiety. Exp II, with 18 female undergraduates who completed the Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist 3 times, focused on 1 specific irrational belief-the overriding importance of social approval-and investigated the likelihood of emotional arousal occurring among individuals who ascribed to this belief. When asked to imagine themselves in social situations that might be interpreted as involving rejection by others, Ss holding this belief reported feeling significantly more anxious and angry than those who did not. (23 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Inadequacy of the Rayleigh range criterion for superdirective arrays

The Rayleigh range criterion for measurement of radiation patterns is shown to be inadequate for superdirective arrays. An acceptable distance for radiation-pattern measurements depends on the tolerance of the superdirective illumination function.     

Exploration, curiosity, and play in young children: Effects of stimulus complexity.

Presented 3-dimensional random polygon objects varying between 4 and 40 turns to 8 2-yr-old and 32 4-7-yr-old children and measured the time spent in exploratory and play behavior. Exploratory time was predominantly an increasing linear function of the level of stimulus complexity for the older Ss and a curvilinear function of stimulus complexity for the younger ones. Play time was a decreasing linear function of the level of stimulus complexity for the younger Ss and for the older boys. (39 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)