Test frame updating in CPM testing of Prolog programs

Category Partition Method (CPM) is a general approach to specification-based program testing, where test frame reduction and refinement are two important issues. Test frame reduction is necessary since too many test frames may be produced, and test frame refinement is important since during CPM testing new information about test frame generation may be achieved and considered incrementally. Besides the information provided by testers or users, implementation related knowledge offers alternative information for reducing and refining CPM test frames. This paper explores the idea by proposing a call patterns semantics based test frame updating method for Prolog programs, in which a call patterns analysis is used to collect information about the way in which procedures are used in a program. The updated test frames will be represented as constraints. The effect of our test frame updating is two-fold. On one hand, it removes “uncared” data from the original set of test frames; on the other hand, it refines the test frames to which we should pay more attention. The first effect makes the input domain on which a procedure must be tested a subset of the procedure’s input domain, and the latter makes testers stand more chance to find out the faults that are more likely to show their presence in the use of the program under consideration. Our test frame updating method preserves the effectiveness of CPM testing with respect to the detection of faults we care. The test case generation from the updated set of test frames is also discussed. In order to show the applicability of our method an approximation call patterns semantics is proposed, and the test frame updating on the semantics is illustrated by an example.

A methodology to incorporate product mix variations in cellular manufacturing

The identification of part families and machine groups that form the cells is a major step in the development of a cellular manufacturing system and, consequently, a large number of concepts, theories and algorithms have been proposed. One common assumption for most of these cell formation algorithms is that the product mix remains stable over a period of time. In today’s world, the market demand is being shaped by consumers resulting in a highly volatile market. This has given rise to a new class of products characterized by low volume and high variety. To incorporate product mix changes into an existing cellular manufacturing system many important issues have to be tackled. In this paper, a methodology to incorporate new parts and machines into an existing cellular manufacturing system has been presented. The objective is to fit the new parts and machines into an existing cellular manufacturing system thereby increasing machine utilization and reducing investment in new equipment.     

Stability and control of nonlinear systems described by retarded functional equations: a review of recent results

This paper reports on recent results in a series of the work of the authors on the stability and nonlinear control for general dynamical systems described by retarded functional differential and difference equations. Both internal and external stability properties are studied. The corresponding Lyapunov and Razuminkhin characterizations for input-to-state and input-to-output stabilities are proposed. Necessary and sufficient Lyapunov-like conditions are derived for robust nonlinear stabilization. In particular, an explicit controller design procedure is developed for a new class of nonlinear time-delay systems. Lastly, sufficient assumptions, including a small-gain condition, are presented for guaranteeing the input-to-output stability of coupled systems comprised of retarded functional differential and difference equations.     

Polarization discrimination between repeater false-target and radar target

High fidelity repeater false-target badly affects a radar system’s detecting, tracking, and data processing. It is an available approach of confronting false-target for radar that discriminates firstly and then eliminates. Whereas for the technique progress about the repeater false-target jam, it is more and more difficult to discriminate this jam in the time-domain, frequency-domain, or space-domain. The technique using polarization information to discriminate the target and false-target is discussed in th...     

Optimal hole shape for minimum stress concentration using parameterized geometry models

The goal of this work is to obtain optimal hole shape for minimum stress concentration in two-dimensional finite plates using parameterized geometry models. The boundary shape for a hole is described by two families of smooth curves: one is a “generalized circular” function with powers as two parameters; the other one is a “generalized elliptic” function a and b are ellipse axes) with powers as two parameters and one of the ellipse axes as the third parameter. Special attention is devoted to the practicability of parameterized equations and the corresponding optimal results under the condition with and without the curvature radius constraint. A number of cases were examined to test the effectiveness of the parameterized equations. The numerical examples show that extremely good results can be obtained under the conditions with and without curvature radius constraint, as compared to the known solutions in the literature. The geometries of the optimized holes are presented in a form of compact parametric functions, which are suitable for use and test by designers. It is anticipated that the implementation of the suggested parameterized equations would lead to considerable improvements in optimizing hole shape with high quality.     

Adaptive sorting: an information theoretic perspective

We present two algorithms that are near optimal with respect to the number of inversions present in the input. One of the algorithms is a variation of insertion sort, and the other is a variation of merge sort. The number of comparisons performed by our algorithms, on an input sequence of length n that has I inversions, is at most . Moreover, both algorithms have implementations that run in time . All previously published algorithms require at least comparisons for some c > 1. M. L. Fredman was supported in part by NSF grant CCR-9732689.     

A Comparative Investigation of Optical and Structural Properties of Cu-Doped CdO-Derived Nanostructures

In this report, we studied various structural and optical properties of pure and copper-doped cadmium oxide (CdO) thin films. Nanostructured Cu-doped CdO films were deposited using sol–gel spin-coating technique. The structural and morphological changes have been observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies. The optical and electrical properties of the pure and Cu-doped CdO thin films were studied by UV–vis spectroscopy and four-point probe method, respectively. The XRD peaks show the formation of nanocrystalline CdO with cubic face-centered crystal structure. The band gaps of the as deposited films were found in the range of 2.32–2.73 eV, while after doping, it decreases due to structural deformation. The electrical resitivity was found to decrease approximately ～10 in Cu-doped CdO thin films.     

Effect of Sintering Temperature on Magnetic and Electrical Properties of GdBaCo<Subscript>2</Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">O</Emphasis><Subscript>5 + <Emphasis Type="Italic">δ</Emphasis></Subscript>

In this study, we report the results of an investigation into the sintering temperature dependence of magnetic and transport properties for GdBaCo₂ O _{5 + δ} synthesized through a sol-gel method. The lowering of sintering temperature leads to the increase of oxygen content and the reduction of grain size. The increase of oxygen content results in the enhancement of magnetic interactions and the weakening of Coulomb repulsion effect, while the reduction of grain size improves the magnetoresistance effect. Metal-insulator transition accompanied with spin-state transition is observed in all samples.     

The impact of industrial agglomeration on industrial pollutant emission: evidence from China under New Normal

The purpose of this study is to analyze the environmental pollution effects elicited by industrial agglomeration and to devise necessary changes before and after China going into the New Normal, a contemporary phase of less rapid but more sustainable economic development. An empirical model is constructed based on the Copeland–Taylor model, and empirical research is conducted using statistical panel data derived from 285 Chinese cities between 2003 and 2014. To study the relationship between industrial agglomeration and industrial pollutant emission both before and after the ‘New Normal,’ the sample data are divided into two time periods: 2003–2008 and 2009–2014. Estimated results are as follows. First, industrial agglomeration exacerbates industrial pollution levels overall although the negative environmental effect of industrial agglomeration is weakened following China’s entry into the New Normal phase of economy. Second, both the interaction term of industrial agglomeration and foreign direct investment (FDI) and the interaction term of industrial agglomeration and environmental regulation are negatively related to industrial agglomeration. These findings indicate that FDI and environmental regulation can indirectly reduce industrial pollutant emissions by way of industrial agglomeration.     

Greenhouse gases mitigation by CO<Subscript>2</Subscript> reforming of methane to hydrogen-rich syngas using praseodymium oxide supported cobalt catalyst

This study focuses on the potential of hydrogen-rich syngas production by CO₂ reforming of methane over Co/Pr₂O₃ catalyst. The Co/Pr₂O₃ catalyst was synthesized via wet-impregnation method and characterized for physicochemical properties by TGA, XRD, BET, H₂-TPR, FESEM, EDX, and FTIR. The CO₂ reforming of methane over the as-synthesized catalyst was studied in a tubular stainless steel fixed-bed reactor at feed ratio ranged 0.1–1.0, temperature ranged 923–1023 K, and gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 30,000 h^?1 under atmospheric pressure condition. The catalyst activity studies showed that the increase in the reaction temperature from 923 to 1023 K and feed ratio from 0.1 to 1.0 resulted in a corresponding increase in the reactant’s conversion and the product’s yields. At 1023 K and feed ratio of 1.0, the activity of the Co/Pr₂O₃ catalyst climaxed with CH₄ and CO₂ conversions of 41.49 and 42.36 %. Moreover, the catalyst activity at 1023 K and feed ratio of 1.0 resulted in the production of H₂ and CO yields of 40.7 and 40.90 %, respectively. The syngas produced was estimated to have H₂:CO ratio of 0.995, making it suitable as chemical building blocks for the production of oxygenated fuel and other value-added chemicals. The used Co/Pr₂O₃ catalyst which was characterized by TPO, XRD, and SEM-EDX show some evidence of carbon formation and deposition on its surface.