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61.
In this paper, the effect of wall conduction of an autothermal tubular methane microreformer is investigated numerically. It is found that the axial wall conduction can strongly influence the performance of the microreactor and should not be neglected without a careful a priori investigation of its impact. By increasing the wall thermal conductivity, the maximum wall surface temperature is decreased. Due to the complex exothermic–endothermic nature of the chemistry of reforming, the axial variation of the wall temperature is not monotonic. Methane conversion and hydrogen yield are strongly dependent on the wall inner surface temperature, hence the heat conduction through the channel wall. The equivalence ratio and the wall thickness also significantly affect the reforming effectiveness and must be carefully considered in reactor optimization. Furthermore, it is found that exothermic oxidation reaction mechanisms, especially partial oxidation, are responsible for syngas (hydrogen and carbon monoxide) production near the inlet. Farther downstream, in the oxygen deficient region, endothermic steam reforming is the main hydrogen producing mechanism. By increasing the thermal conductivity, steam reforming becomes stronger and partial oxidation becomes weaker. For all investigated inlet conditions, the highest hydrogen yield is obtained for no or very low conductive walls. 相似文献
62.
Peter Werkhoff Wilfried Bretschneider Matthias Güntert Rudolf Hopp Horst Surburg 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1991,192(2):111-115
Summary The direct capillary gas Chromatographic separation oftrans--ionone andtrans--damascone enantiomers is reported using heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)--cyclodextrin in polysiloxane as a suitable chiral stationary phase. The method described has been applied to determine the naturally occurring enantiomeric composition oftrans--ionone in the absolutes of the flowers ofBoronia megastigma Nees andOsmanthus fragrance Lour., Costus root oil (Saussurea lappa Clarke) as well as in odor concentrates of violet flowers (Viola odorata L.), fresh raspberries, carrots and vanilla pods. Furthermore, the optical purity oftrans--ionone in the solvent extracts of distilled alcoholic raspberry beverage, raspberry fruit juice concentrate and black tea was investigated.Trans--ionone was either isolated by headspace stripping in vacuo or by organic solvent extraction and subsequently enriched by multidimensional preparative Chromatographic techniques.Trans--damascone was isolated from Virginia tobacco extract and from black tea aroma and was enriched for direct chirospecific analysis by medium pressure liquid chromatography followed by multidimensional preparative capillary gas chromatography. The importance of chirality as an essential criterion for the discrimination of natural and nature-identical aromas is discussed briefly.
Chirale Analysen von Aroma-und etherischen Öl-Inhaltsstoffen Teil B. Direkte Trennung der Enantiomeren von trans--Ionon und trans--Damascon mittels Inklusionsgaschromatographie
Zusammenfassung Mit Heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)--cyclodextrin in Polysiloxan als chiraler stationärer GC-Phase können die Enantiomeren vontrans--Ionon undtrans--Damascon direkt stereodifferenziert werden. Mit der beschriebenen Methode wird die Enantiomerenzusammensetzung vontrans--Ionon in den Absolues vonBoronia megastigma Nées undOsmanthus fragrance Lour., in Costuswurzelöl (Saussurea lappa Clarke), in den Headspace-Konzentraten von Veilchenblüten, frischen Himbeeren, Karotten und Vanilleschoten sowie in den Lösungsmittelextrakten von Himbeergeist, Himbeerfruchtsaftkonzentrat und schwarzem Tee bestimmt.Trans--Ionon wurde aus den genannten Naturprodukten mit Hilfe von multidimensionalen präparativen chromatographischen Trenntechniken angereichert und isoliert.Trans--Damascon wurde durch die Kombination MPLC/präparative Capillargaschromatographie aus Virginia Tabakextrakt und aus dem Aromastoffspektrum von schwarzem Tee erhalten und in s eine Enantiomeren aufgetrennt. Die Bedeutung der Chiralität als Beurteilungskriterium zur Unterscheidung natürlicher und naturidentischer Aromastoffe wird kurz diskutiert.相似文献
63.
Heyninck Jesse Kern-Isberner Gabriele Thimm Matthias Skiba Kenneth 《Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence》2021,89(10-11):1075-1099
Annals of Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence - The exact relationship between formal argumentation and nonmonotonic logics is a research topic that keeps on eluding researchers despite recent... 相似文献
64.
Désirée Risch Alexander Brosius Matthias Kleiner 《Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance》2007,16(3):327-330
Electromagnetic sheet metal forming is a high speed forming process using pulsed magnetic fields to form metals with high
electrical conductivity such as aluminum. Thereby, workpiece velocities of more than 300 m/s are achievable, which can cause
difficulties when forming into a die. The kinetic energy, which is related to the workpiece velocity, must be dissipated in
a short time slot when the workpiece hits the die; otherwise undesired effects, for example rebound can occur. One possibility
to handle this shortcoming is to locally increase the stiffness of the workpiece. A modal analysis is carried out in order
to determine the stiffness of specific regions of the workpiece so that an estimation concerning the feasibility of the desired
geometry is possible in advance without doing cost and time consuming experiments. Thereby, the desired geometry of the workpiece
will be fractionized in significant sectors. This approach has to define the internal force variables acting on the cutting
edge, which are required to constrain the numerical model. Finally, a method will be developed with the objective of calculating
the stiffness of each sector. The numerical results will be verified by experiments.
This article was presented at Materials Science & Technology 2006, Innovations in Metal Forming symposium held in Cincinnati,
OH, October 15-19, 2006. 相似文献
65.
Surface reconstruction for incremental forming 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A. Erman Tekkaya Ravi Shankar Gerd Sebastiani Werner Homberg Matthias Kleiner 《Production Engineering》2007,1(1):71-78
In spite of extensive efforts being made with regard to virtual process optimization technology, the production of prototype
parts is still a necessity. With respect to the production of sheet metal parts in low quantities, incremental sheet metal
forming (ISMF) is a highly interesting process. ISMF allows the production of complex parts with drastically reduced costs
in tooling and machinery compared to conventional processes like deep drawing. However, ISMF, with it’s incremental nature,
introduces the need for generating a tool path considering both final geometry and process-induced deviations or constraints.
Consequently, for the generation of the tool path a (tool path) surface, with an adequate offset, is necessary. That is why,
within the scope of extensive research work at the Institute of Forming Technology and Lightweight Construction (IUL), a special
correction module has been developed, determining this offset e.g. depending on the workpiece geometry. This paper presents
the algorithm, the application, and the effect on the produced parts. Furthermore, a concept for an extension regarding further
constraints like elastic workpiece behavior is presented. 相似文献
66.
Wolfgang Tillmann Matthias Manka Lukas Wojarski Michael Holewa 《Science & Technology of Welding & Joining》2020,25(4):290-296
ABSTRACTTools for machining are exposed to high loads, wear, and elevated temperatures. Commonly, such tools consist of cemented carbides and tool steel. To combine the advantages of both materials, high-quality-joints with high strengths are desired. When brazing these materials, the main challenge is the mismatch of the Coefficient of Thermal Expansion (CTE) and the poor wettability of cemented carbides by molten filler alloys. In this regard, the feasibility of two custom-made alloys (CuNi12Si5, CuNi12Si5B0.4) was analysed. Besides being a cost-efficient alternative, these alloys offer the possibility to modify their mechanical properties by precipitation hardening to reduce stresses within the final joints. Thus, this paper shows that a temperature of 1060°C is suitable for wetting and brazing tests on different substrates. 相似文献
67.
Calcium dynamics in a cardiac cell are described by a system of 3-D non-linear stochastic partial differential equations. To obtain solutions that have biophysical properties, it is necessary to explore the model parameter space. To decrease the complexity of the parameter search, we reduce the 3-D stochastic model to a 1-D deterministic model. The reduction of the problem from 3-D to 1-D is done through an asymptotic approximation after non-dimensionalization and based on rational biophysical assumptions of the 3-D domain; the stochastic to deterministic transformation is based on the regular property of the 3-D solution. The result of the model reduction proves very effective in reducing the time required to get qualitative as well as quantitative information about parameter regions in the 3-D stochastic model including calcium dynamics (sparks, wave propagation, and recovery) observed in cardiac cells. 相似文献
68.
Jörg Becker Patrick Delfmann Hanns-Alexander Dietrich Matthias Steinhorst Mathias Eggert 《Information Systems Frontiers》2016,18(2):359-405
Given the strong increase in regulatory requirements for business processes the management of business process compliance becomes a more and more regarded field in IS research. Several methods have been developed to support compliance checking of conceptual models. However, their focus on distinct modeling languages and mostly linear (i.e., predecessor-successor related) compliance rules may hinder widespread adoption and application in practice. Furthermore, hardly any of them has been evaluated in a real-world setting. We address this issue by applying a generic pattern matching approach for conceptual models to business process compliance checking in the financial sector. It consists of a model query language, a search algorithm and a corresponding modelling tool prototype. It is (1) applicable for all graph-based conceptual modeling languages and (2) for different kinds of compliance rules. Furthermore, based on an applicability check, we (3) evaluate the approach in a financial industry project setting against its relevance for decision support of audit and compliance management tasks. 相似文献
69.
Martin Bauer Florian Schornbaum Christian Godenschwager Matthias Markl Daniela Anderl Harald Köstler 《International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems》2016,31(6):529-542
We present a Python extension to the massively parallel HPC simulation toolkit waLBerla. waLBerla is a framework for stencil based algorithms operating on block-structured grids, with the main application field being fluid simulations in complex geometries using the lattice Boltzmann method. Careful performance engineering results in excellent node performance and good scalability to over 400,000 cores. To increase the usability and flexibility of the framework, a Python interface was developed. Python extensions are used at all stages of the simulation pipeline: they simplify and automate scenario setup, evaluation, and plotting. We show how our Python interface outperforms the existing text-file-based configuration mechanism, providing features like automatic nondimensionalization of physical quantities and handling of complex parameter dependencies. Furthermore, Python is used to process and evaluate results while the simulation is running, leading to smaller output files and the possibility to adjust parameters dependent on the current simulation state. C++ data structures are exported such that a seamless interfacing to other numerical Python libraries is possible. The expressive power of Python and the performance of C++ make development of efficient code with low time effort possible. 相似文献
70.