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1.
5(4H)-Oxazolones react with ammonium acetate under microwave irradiation and using graphite as support in an eco-friendly process.
The reaction was carried out under solvent-free conditions and the imidazolones were obtained quantitatively. Moreover the
reaction time was reduced too. 相似文献
2.
Ahmadreza Momeni Amir G. Aghdam 《International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing》2007,21(10):885-910
Most of the existing switching control techniques are developed specifically for finite-dimensional linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. In many practical applications, however, it is essential to take time delay into consideration in the modelling as the control system can be highly sensitive to delay. In this paper, a multi-model switching control algorithm is proposed for retarded time-delay systems. It is assumed that the plant is represented by a family of known multi-input multi-output, observable, LTI models with multiple delays in the states, and that corresponding to each model in the known family, there exists a high-performance finite-dimensional LTI controller. In addition, it is supposed that a bound on the magnitude of the external inputs and disturbances is available. It is then shown that the proposed switching controller can stabilize the uncertain system, and that under some mild conditions, output tracking can be achieved in the given problem setting. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
3.
Weekly storage of coolness in heavy walls (walls with large thermal inertia or large characteristic time constants or low Fourier numbers) was investigated numerically by considering one-dimensional heat conduction through the walls. The study consisted of first analyzing the heat flow through a single wall and considering various boundary conditions on the inside. The boundary conditions were: constant inside air tempeture throughout the day, variable inside air temperature on a 24-hour cycle, and variable inside air temperature on a 48-hour cycle. Next, the heat flow through walls was studied through a thermal network analysis of a simple building. In this case it was assumed that the ambient air temperature (following a periodic distribution) was increased suddenly and followed this new distribution for many days thereafter.It was concluded that walls with high thermal inertia or time constant can store coolness for several days. The larger the time constant of the wall (for example adobe as compared with brick) the longer it takes for the wall temperature to reach a steady periodic distribution after the change has occurred. However, because of low thermal conductivity of adobe, the retrieval of the stored coolness in these walls is slow, and the mean daily temperature of the room air in the adobe building does not change appreciably beyond seven days after the change. Increase of the wall thickness beyond 50 cm does not improve the thermal performance of the building significantly. 相似文献
4.
Hamid Javaherian Naghash Ahmad Reza Momeni Hamid Alian Ahmad Reza Massah Shahla Ataie 《Polymer International》2005,54(11):1564-1571
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) gels with varying amounts of silicone and solvent and constant amounts of crosslinker were prepared by solution free radical crosslinking copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDM), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and vinyltriethoxysilane (VTES) comonomer systems. They were then studied in benzene at a total monomer concentration of 3.5 mol L?1 and 70 °C. The conversion of monomer, volume swelling ratio, weight fraction and gel point were measured as a function of the reaction time, silicone concentration and benzene content up to the onset of macrogelation. Structural characteristics of the gels were examined by using equilibrium swelling in benzene, gel fraction and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The morphology of the copolymers was also investigated by SEM. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the FTIR data did not have the capacity to show the presence of the VTES or TEOS moiety in these kinds of copolymers. On the other hand, the variation of weight fraction of gel, Wg, and its equilibrium volume swelling ratio in benzene, qv, exhibited the same behaviour as that of MMA/EGDM copolymers. Also, the dilution of the monomer mixture resulted in an increase in the gel point and swelling degree and a decrease in the percent of conversion and gel fraction. Finally, TEOS is not an ideal silicone compound for reaction in the MMA/EGDM copolymerization system, whereas VTES is a suitable silicone comonomer for this system and it has been proved useful. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
5.
Ahmad Nozad Golikand Elaheh Lohrasbi Mohammad Ghannadi Maragheh Mehdi Asgari 《Journal of Applied Electrochemistry》2008,38(6):869-874
The effect of carbon surface oxidation on platinum supported carbon particles (Pt/C) with nitric acid was investigated by
cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, polarization experiments and chronoamperometry. Cyclic voltammograms,
polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra showed that the treated catalyst had much larger active surface
area and higher ionic conductivity than the untreated catalyst, and provided enhanced performance for oxygen reduction. The
formation of acidic groups was examined by IR spectra. The Pt/C surface oxidation had a large effect on the performance of
a gas diffusion electrode for oxygen reduction reaction. 相似文献
6.
Khalid Mahmood Zia Mehdi Barikani Ijaz Ahmad Bhatti Mohammad Zuber Haq Nawaz Bhatti 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2008,109(3):1840-1849
A series of polyurethane (PU) elastomers was prepared by the reaction of poly(?‐caprolactone) and 4,4′‐diphenylmethane diisocyanate, which was extended with a series of chain extenders (CEs) having 2–10 methylene units in their structure. The completion of the reaction was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The chemical structures of the synthesized PU samples were characterized with Fourier transform infrared, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectroscopy, and the thermal properties were determined by thermogravimetric analysis, DSC, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis techniques. The mechanical properties were also studied and are discussed. The thermogravimetric analysis and DSC analysis showed that CE length had a considerable effect on the thermal properties of the prepared samples. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and damping peaks were also affected by the number of methylene units in the CE length. The elastomer extended with 1,2‐ethane diol exhibited optimum thermal properties, whereas the elastomer based on 1,10‐decane diol displayed the worst thermal properties. Tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing CE length, whereas hardness showed the opposite trend. The glass‐transition temperature moved toward lower temperatures with increasing CE length. The decrease in the glass‐transition temperature and tensile properties were interpreted in terms of decreasing hard segments and increasing chain flexibility. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008 相似文献
7.
Kheirandish Davar Haghparast Majid Reshadi Midia Hosseinzadeh Mehdi 《The Journal of supercomputing》2021,77(12):13828-13862
The Journal of Supercomputing - Recently, the synthesis of reversible sequential circuits has attracted researchers’ attention for implementing low-power logic designs. So far, the direct and... 相似文献
8.
Supplier selection is a complicated decision-making problem involving multicriteria, alternative and decision makers (DMs). The main purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of a clustering-based method to solve a group decision making (GDM) problem and, also to achieve more realistic and homogeneous results. Intuitionistic fuzzy value (IFV) is used to show the decision makers’ preferences and IFN clustering method is utilized to cluster around DM's preferences. Intuitionistic fuzzy weighted geometric (IFWG) is applied to aggregate the obtained clusters. Ranking process is used based on the two indices, score function and accuracy function, to rank the alternatives. Lastly, to demonstrate the efficiency of our proposed method, it is implemented to choose suppliers in a car factory.The strength of the propose approach is considering the group agreement on proposed DMs’ preferences for giving different effect on their judgment. Besides, encountering the qualitative judgment of DMs using IFV concept with score function and the accuracy function for modeling the DMs’ knowledge is the other contribution of this paper. 相似文献
9.
Mehdi Dehghan Masoud Hajarian 《International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems》2012,10(5):905-912
In this paper, an iterative algorithm is established for finding the generalized bisymmetric solution group to the coupled matrix equations (including the generalized (coupled) Lyapunov and Sylvester matrix equations as special cases). It is proved that proposed algorithm consistently converges to the generalized bisymmetric solution group for any initial generalized bisymmetric matrix group. Finally a numerical example indicates that proposed algorithm works quite effectively in practice. 相似文献
10.
Behrooz?HassaniEmail author Mostafa?Khanzadi S.?Mehdi?Tavakkoli 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2012,45(2):223-233
The Isogeometric Analysis (IA) method is applied for structural topology optimization instead of finite elements. For this
purpose, a control point based Solid Isotropic Material with Penalization (SIMP) method is employed and the material density
is considered as a continuous function throughout the design domain and approximated by the Non-Uniform Rational B-Spline
(NURBS) basis functions. To prevent the formation of layouts with porous media, a penalization technique similar to the SIMP
method is used. For optimization an optimality criteria is derived and implemented. A few examples are presented to demonstrate
the performance of the method. It is shown that, dissimilar to the element based SIMP topology optimization, the resulted
layouts by this method are independent of the number of the discretizing control points and checkerboard free. 相似文献