An automatic HTTP cookie management system

HTTP cookies have been widely used for maintaining session states, personalizing, authenticating, and tracking user behaviors. Despite their importance and usefulness, cookies have raised public concerns on Internet privacy because they can be exploited by third-parties to track user behaviors and build user profiles. In addition, stolen cookies may also incur severe security problems. However, current Web browsers lack secure and convenient mechanisms for cookie management. A cookie management scheme, which is easy-to-use and has minimal privacy risk, is in great demand; but designing such a scheme is a challenge. In this paper, we conduct a large scale HTTP cookie measurement and introduce CookiePicker, a system that can automatically validate the usefulness of cookies from a Web site and set the cookie usage permission on behalf of users. CookiePicker helps users achieve the maximum benefit brought by cookies, while minimizing the possible privacy and security risks. We implement CookiePicker as an extension to Firefox Web browser, and obtain promising results in the experiments.     

Pre-execution data prefetching with I/O scheduling

Parallel applications suffer from I/O latency. Pre-execution I/O prefetching is effective in hiding I/O latency, in which a pre-execution prefetching thread is created and dedicated to fetch the data for the main thread in advance. However, existing pre-execution prefetching works do not pay attention to the relationship between the main thread and the pre-execution prefetching thread. They just simply pre-execute the I/O accesses using the prefetching thread as soon as possible failing to carefully coordinate them with the operations of the main thread. This drawback induces a series of adverse effects on pre-execution prefetching such as diminishing the degree of the parallelism between computation and I/O, delaying the I/O access of main threads, and aggravating the I/O resource competition in the whole system. In this paper, we propose a new method to overcome this drawback by scheduling the I/O operations among the main threads and the pre-execution prefetching threads. The results of extensive experiments on four popular benchmarks in parallel I/O performance area demonstrate the benefits of the proposed approach.     

Shock response analysis of hard disk drive using flexible multibody dynamics formulation

Recent development of the shock analysis on the HDD is briefly reviewed. A flexible multi-body dynamics formulation is developed to simulate the shock response of the HDD. If one component in the HDD is changed, only mode shapes and frequencies of that component should be re-calculated and then used to obtain the system’s response. Steady state Reynolds equation is solved to obtain the air pressure on the slider and disk for various slider positions. An air pressure table is formed and used to model the non-linear air bearing during the simulation. Responses of flying height for different direction and shock duration time are analyzed. Results show that the flying state of the slider is more sensitive to the shock with shorter duration time.     

A more efficient approach for investigation of effect of various HDD components on the shock tolerance

This paper emphasizes the importance of a fast and reliable tool for design parametric studies. Three methods that have been used in studying the shock phenomena in hard disk drives (HDD) are discussed briefly. A more efficient (i.e. faster and reasonably accurate) method is proposed. This new method uses state-space formulation to model the structural components of the HDD and quasi-static concept to model the non-linearity of the air bearing. The structural and the air bearing response, and their coupled interaction are evaluated simultaneously. The computation time and the accuracy of the proposed method are compared against two existing methods: the full finite element model and CML’s HDD dynamics event simulator. The proposed method is found to be much faster with reasonably good accuracy. Experimental shock tests also show that the method is reliable in predicting the shock tolerance of the HDD. A procedure on how to do parametric study with this method is proposed and the effect of overmold and voice coil stiffness on the shock tolerance is studied.     

我国外汇储备若干问题之管见

自1994年外汇管理体制改革以来，我国的外汇储备规模持续快速增长。充足的外汇储备对我国国民经济持续健康较快地发展确实起到了不可替代的积极作用。但事物总是具有两面性的，庞大又快速增长的外汇储备已经给国民经济的平稳运行带来了一定的负面影响。结合外汇储备快速增长的原因和所产生的负面影响进行分析，对我国外汇储备管理提出政策性建议。     

LMNA Reduced Acquired Resistance to Erlotinib in NSCLC by Reversing the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition via the FGFR/MAPK/c-fos Signaling Pathway

For patients exhibiting non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with activating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations, epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are a first-line treatment. However, most patients who initially responded to EGFR-TKIs eventually developed acquired resistance, limiting the effectiveness of therapy. It has long been known that epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) leads to acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs in NSCLC. However, the mechanisms underlying the resistance dependent on EMT are unknown. This research aimed to reveal the effects of LMNA in the regulation of acquired resistance to erlotinib by EMT in NSCLC. The acquired erlotinib-resistant cells (HCC827/ER) were induced by gradual increase of concentrations of erlotinib in erlotinib-sensitive HCC827 cells. RNA sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed to uncover the involvement of LMNA in the EMT process that induced acquired resistance to erlotinib. The effect of LMNA on cell proliferation and migration was measured by clone-formation, wound-healing, and transwell assays, respectively. The EMT-related protein, nuclear shape and volume, and cytoskeleton changes were examined by immunofluorescence. Western blot was used to identify the underlying molecular mechanism of LMNA regulation of EMT. HCC827/ER cells with acquired resistance to erlotinib underwent EMT and exhibited lower LMNA expression compared to parental sensitive cells. LMNA negatively regulated the expression of EMT markers; HCC827/ER cells showed a significant up-regulation of mesenchymal markers, such as CDH2, SNAI2, VIM, ZEB1, and TWIST1. The overexpression of LMNA in HCC827/ER cells significantly inhibited EMT and cell proliferation, and this inhibitory effect of LMNA was enhanced in the presence of 2.5 μM erlotinib. Furthermore, a decrease in LMNA expression resulted in a higher nuclear deformability and cytoskeletal changes. In HCC827/ER cells, AKT, FGFR, ERK1/2, and c-fos phosphorylation levels were higher than those in HCC827 cells; Furthermore, overexpression of LMNA in HCC827/ER cells reduced the phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2, c-fos, and FGFR. In conclusion, our findings first demonstrated that downregulation of LMNA promotes acquired EGFR-TKI resistance in NSCLC with EGFR mutations by EMT. LMNA inhibits cell proliferation and migration of erlotinib-resistant cells via inhibition of the FGFR/MAPK/c-fos signaling pathway. These findings indicated LMNA as a driver of acquired resistance to erlotinib and provided important information about the development of resistance to erlotinib treatment in NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations.     

酸枣多糖羧甲基化修饰及活性研究

为研究酸枣羧甲基化多糖的工艺和活性,采用单因素实验及响应面法优化其羧甲基化修饰工艺,并对其结构及其体外生物活性进行研究。得到最佳条件为:反应温度80 ℃,氢氧化钠浓度2.5 mol/L,氯乙酸添加量3%。酸枣多糖羧甲基化修饰前、后的溶解性分别为(48.63±1.23) mg/mL和(86.73±0.72) mg/mL,黏度分别为(2 698±99.8) mPa·s和(2 430.4±95.65)mPa·s。多糖经羧甲基化修饰后,可解决其因黏度高和溶解性低导致的不利于活性发挥的问题。酸枣羧甲基化多糖抗氧化活性研究表明,5 mg/mL酸枣羧甲基化多糖溶液总还原力为1.295,对DPPH自由基的清除率为81.9%,对羟基自由基的清除率为95.8%,羧甲基化修饰后对羟基自由基的清除能力有所提高。酸枣羧甲基化多糖对益生菌的促生长结果表明:酸枣羧甲基化多糖对嗜酸乳杆菌和鼠李糖乳杆菌有更好的促生长效果,且促生长作用与酸枣羧甲基化多糖的添加浓度有关。     

小种红茶与工夫红茶品质特性的比较分析

以同一茶树品种、同一等级鲜叶制成的小种红茶和工夫红茶为研究对象,通过检测其主要生化成分、茶汤物理特性和挥发性化合物,对小种红茶和工夫红茶的品质特性进行比较分析。结果表明：小种红茶的茶多酚含量显著高于工夫红茶,咖啡碱、茶黄素、茶红素含量显著低于工夫红茶,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、游离氨基酸含量与工夫红茶相比差异不显著;工夫红茶的色差a*、b*值分别为8.38、39.19,沉淀量为246.78 mg/L,均显著高于小种红茶,小种红茶的色差L*值为29.16,透光率为76.53%,均显著高于工夫红茶,表明工夫红茶汤色较黄和较红,而小种红茶的茶汤澄清度更高;经检测和计算挥发性化合物的气味活度值（odor activity values,OAVs）,小种红茶和工夫红茶中OAVs大于1的香气成分分别有11 种和13 种,两者的香型分别为甜香浓郁和花香明显,其中小种红茶的主要呈香物质包括β-紫罗酮、苯甲酸甲酯、芳樟醇等,工夫红茶的主要呈香物质包括β-大马酮、β-紫罗酮、苯甲酸甲酯、己醛等;工夫红茶特有且OAVs大于1的香气成分为β-大马酮和己醛,这2 种成分可能是工夫红茶香型区别于小种红茶的有效呈香化合物。     

新乡火电厂135 MW CFB锅炉冷态调试过程及分析

新乡火电厂135MWCFB锅炉冷态调试过程如风量标定、布风板阻力特性测定、布风均匀性检查、冷态临界流化风量测定、冷渣器及输渣系统试验等,此外还提供了回料阀试验方案供参考。文中还对冷态试验结果进行了处理和分析,供热态运行时参考。     

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文章在地温梯度、埋藏史研究的基础上，探讨沁水盆地煤层的热演化过程及其对煤层气地球化学特征的控制作用。通过对沁水盆地南部阳城地区和西部霍州地区的煤层热演化史和煤层气地化特征的对比研究表明，演化程度最高的地质时期决定了煤层气的组份和组份碳同位素特征，即是决定煤层气地球化学特征的关键地质时期，如沁水南部晋城地区的3#煤层在早白垩世末的R_o值达到2.4%～4.2%的最大值，从而形成甲烷碳同位素分布为-29.9‰～-36.7‰的煤层气；三叠系末期，霍州地区2#煤层处于成熟阶段（R_o=0.8%～1.2%），决定了该地区煤层气甲烷碳同位素分布为-47.6‰～-51.7‰。反之，煤层气的组份和组份碳同位素特征也反映了煤层所经历的热演化过程。