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91.
The modal μ-calculus is a very expressive temporal logic. In particular, logics such as LTL, CTL and CTL* can be translated into the modal μ-calculus, although existing translations of LTL and CTL* are at least exponential in size. We show that an existing simple first-order extension of the modal μ-calculus allows for a linear translation from LTL. Furthermore, we show that solving the translated formulae is as efficient as the best known methods to solve LTL formulae directly. 相似文献
92.
Several studies have stressed that even expert operators who are aware of a machine's limits could adopt its proposals without questioning them (i.e., the complacency phenomenon). In production scheduling for manufacturing, this is a significant problem, as it is often suggested that the machine be allowed to build the production schedule, confining the human role to that of rescheduling. This article evaluates the characteristics of scheduling algorithms on human rescheduling performance, the quality of which was related to complacency. It is suggested that scheduling algorithms be characterized as having result comprehensibility (the result respects the scheduler's expectations in terms of the discourse rules of the information display) or algorithm comprehensibility (the complexity of the algorithm hides some important constraints). The findings stress, on the one hand, that result comprehensibility is necessary to achieve good production performance and to limit complacency. On the other hand, algorithm comprehensibility leads to poor performance due to the very high cost of understanding the algorithm. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 相似文献
93.
The purpose of this study was to describe the traumatology of teaching physical education (PE) and to document the causes and mechanisms of injuries in this occupation. Our sample was composed of 314 physical educators (PEs) teaching at three school levels (primary school, secondary school and college) who responded to a questionnaire survey. The results showed a 0.55 rate of recent lesion per teacher per year (0.65 for women and 0.51 for men). A total of 37.6% of subjects were affected by a lesion during the last year at work. Subjects with a higher weekly frequency of leisure physical activities or endurance activities (five times and more) were less affected by chronic lesions as well as those who frequently practiced aerobic physical activities. Prevalence of chronic injuries was higher in older teachers. Our results confirm that the rate of lesions in this group of workers is high, and that school level and respondent age may influence the rate of lesion and the characteristics of risk factors. In particular, the effect of ageing and teaching specialization on the incidence of occupational problems in PEs warrants further research. Given the relatively high rate of injuries among PE teachers, we suggest that it is necessary to further explore preventive strategies to reduce occupational risk in these workers. In particular, prophylactic physical activity outside of work may represent such a strategy since PEs more active outside their work have lower chronic injury prevalence. PEs gave long periods of standing the highest rating for movements or positions most likely to cause them occupational injuries. It can thus be suggested to find ways to reduce standing position sustained for long periods. 相似文献
94.
We consider the edit distance with moves on the class of words and the class of ordered trees. We first exhibit a simple tester
for the class of regular languages on words and generalize it to the class of ranked and unranked regular trees. We also show
that this distance problem is
-complete on ordered trees.
A preliminary version of this paper appeared in Proceedings of 31st International Colloquium on Automata, Languages and Programming, volume 3142 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 932–944, Springer, 2005. Work supported by ACI Sécurité Informatique: VERA of the French Ministry of research. 相似文献
95.
Vesa Halava Tero Harju Juhani Karhumki Michel Latteux 《Theoretical computer science》2007,380(3):355-362
In the Post Correspondence Problem (PCP) an instance (h,g) consists of two morphisms h and g, and the problem is to determine whether or not there exists a nonempty word w such that h(w)=g(w). Here we prove that the PCP is decidable for instances with unique blocks using the decidability of the marked PCP. Also, we show that it is decidable whether an instance satisfying the uniqueness condition for continuations has an infinite solution. These results establish a new and larger class of decidable instances of the PCP, including the class of marked instances. 相似文献
96.
Jean Mayrand Jean-François Patenaude Ettore Merlo Michel Dagenais Bruno Laguë 《Annals of Software Engineering》2000,9(1-2):117-141
This paper presents an assessment method to evaluate the quality of object oriented software systems. The assessment method is based on source code abstraction, object–oriented metrics and graphical representation. The metrics used and the underlying model representing the software are presented. The assessment method experiment is part of an industrial research effort with the Bell Canada Quality Engineering and Research Group. It helps evaluators assess the quality and risks associated with software by identifying code fragments presenting unusual characteristics. The assessment method evaluates object–oriented software systems at three levels of granularity: system level, class level and method level. One large C++ and eight Java software systems, for a total of over one million lines of code, are presented as case studies. A critical analysis of the results is presented comparing the systems and the two languages. 相似文献
97.
This article presents the result of the current knowledge on the very high frequency electromagnetic radiation of lightning. A phenomenology analysis of the new results obtained from the study of triggered lightning in New Mexico (TRIP 82) and at Saint-Privat-d’ Allier in Haute-Loire, France (1983) is first described. The authors then present the spectral and temporal characteristics of the VHF/UHF radiation which can be applied to the electromagnetic compatibility of systems. From a synthesis of the experimental and theoretical contributions, they propose a reflection on the lightning initiation process and on the mechanisms generating lightning radiation. 相似文献
98.
In this paper we formulate power systems as nonlinear nearly Hamiltonian systems. Using the invariance principle for ordinary differential equations, necessary and sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability are established and a new method of estimating the domain of attraction of the stable equilibrium point is developed. The present results constitute a novel approach to stability analysis and involve the following three steps:
- Given a system with dissipation, the stability of its equilibrium is ascertained by determining the stability of the associated conservative system.
- Attractivity of the stable equilibrium of the entire system (with dissipation) is determined from the system topology.
- An estimate of the domain of attraction of the asymptotically stable equilibrium is obtained by making use of results obtained in (a) and (b).
99.
A commonly used method for achieving a prescribed security level in a telecommunication network is to manage extra capacities all over the network. This paper describes a number of computational methods, both exact and approximate, for determining a minimum cost network of extra capacities needed to achieve security under any given trunk dimensioning, routing and grouping policy. From a mathematical point of view, it is shown that the problem reduces to the determination of a minimum cost network subject to a number of non simultaneous multicommodity flow requirements. Since real life instances of such problems commonly result in very large linear programs of many thousands of variables and constraints, the techniques of linear programming would be unacceptably time and space-consuming. Instead, it is shown how the use of Lagrangean relaxation in conjunction with sub-gradient optimization schemes can lead to efficient and easy-to-implement solution methods. The various procedures described in this paper form the heart of a general software product for long and medium term planning applications (Supersec program) which has already been used to investigate the economical implications of security requirements in telecommunication networks. 相似文献
100.
The microstructure and phase transformations occurring in-iron-carbonitrides have been studied by means of X-ray and electron diffraction, electron microscopy and Mössbauer spectrometry. Ordering of the interstitial atoms, N or C, results in a hexagonal unit cell for Fe3(C, N) with parametersa=a3 andc=c wherea andc are the lattice parameters of the hexagonal close-packed (h c p) iron unit cell. Stacking faults on (0001) planes and partial dislocations with Burgers vector b=1/31 0 ¯1 0 are observed in quenched-Fe4 (C, N). After quench-aging, the carbonitrides show a structural hardening due to the precipitation of a metastable phase. Slow cooling of-carbonitrides with less than 25 at% interstitials leads to the precipitation of-carbonitride and ferrite in-phase grains which allows the orientation relationships between the-,- and-phases to be defined and a model of the-phase--phase transformation to be proposed. 相似文献